First Five Complete the chart above. Give an example for each term.

Answers to First Five

Announcements Nutrition Quiz Retakes: Class meetings this week: Correct your quiz Retakes will be available beginning Monday, April 14 Class meetings this week: Maroon: Monday & Friday Gold: Tuesday & Thursday If you have any Coursework, turn it in TODAY

Asexual vs. sexual reproduction Topics Diploid vs. Haploid Mitosis vs. Meiosis Asexual vs. sexual reproduction

2 Different types of cells BODY CELLS (Somatic) SEX CELLS (Gametes) DIPLOID: Have 2 copies of each chromosome: one from mother and one from father 46 total in each body cell Examples: sperm and egg cells HAPLOID: Only have 1 copy of each chromosome 23 in total

2 Different types of Cell Division Body Cells (Somatic) Sex Cells (Gametes) Made by MITOSIS Made by MEIOSIS

Mitosis Creates two genetically identical daughter cells Chromosome number is maintained by the exact duplication of chromosomes.

Inheritance - Meiosis Half of the genetic information in a cell is passed on to new cells When the cells are preparing for sexual reproduction. The new cells are called gametes. Two types of gametes: egg and sperm Meiosis results in genetic variation

Meiosis The original cell is diploid and the daughter cells are haploid. 1 diploid cell 4 unique haploid cells

MITOSIS OR MEIOSIS? As we go through the following, identify whether the statement is describing mitosis or meiosis and write in the correct column Mitosis Meiosis

MITOSIS OR MEIOSIS? Produces 2 cells Occurs in somatic (body cells) Has 2 separate divisions In humans, produces cells with 46 chromosomes

MITOSIS OR MEIOSIS? Produces 2 cells - Mitosis Occurs in somatic (body cells) - Mitosis Has 2 separate divisions - Meiosis In humans, produces cells with 46 chromosomes - Mitosis

MITOSIS OR MEIOSIS? New cells are different from each other Produces new diploid cells Cell divides only once Produces 4 cells

MITOSIS OR MEIOSIS? New cells are different from each other - Meiosis Produces new diploid cells - Mitosis Cell divides only once - Mitosis Produces 4 cells - Meiosis

MITOSIS OR MEIOSIS? Produces cells that are identical to each other Produces haploid cells Occurs in sex cells (gametes) In humans, produces cells with 23 chromosomes

MITOSIS OR MEIOSIS? Produces cells that are identical to each other - Mitosis Produces haploid cells - Meiosis Occurs in sex cells (gametes) - Meiosis In humans, produces cells with 23 chromosomes - Meiosis

Quick Review What type of cells does mitosis produce? How many chromosomes are in these cells? 2) What type of cells does meiosis produce? How many chromosomes are in these cells?

Cambridge Practice Question: Fill-in-the blanks Choose words from the list to complete each of the spaces in the paragraph. Each word may be used once only and some words are not used all. Allele diploid dominant gene haploid sexual heterozygous homozygous meiosis mitosis recessive

Cambridge Practice Question: Fill-in-the blanks Allele diploid dominant gene haploid sexual heterozygous homozygous meiosis mitosis recessive In humans there is a condition known as cystic fibrosis. This is controlled by a single _1_which has two forms. One form causes cystic fibrosis while the other does not. Gametes are formed by _2_ which produces cells with only one copy of each chromosome, which means that they are _3_. When two humans reproduce, their gametes fuse at fertilization to form a _4_zygote. This is an example of _5_ reproduction.

Cambridge Practice Question: Fill-in-the blanks Allele diploid dominant gene haploid sexual heterozygous homozygous meiosis mitosis recessive Neither of the two humans has cystic fibrosis but one of their three children does have the condition. This means that cystic fibrosis is controlled by a _6_allele and that each of the parents is _7_.

Mitosis and Meiosis are Related to Reproduction Asexual reproduction One parent makes offspring that are genetically identical to itself and each other Processes: Cloning, “budding” (e.g. in yeast), binary fission (e.g. in bacteria) Sexual reproduction TWO parents produce unique offspring

Asexual Reproduction ONE parent produces genetically identical offspring. There are four main types of asexual reproduction: Binary Fission Budding Vegetative Propagation Regeneration http://az.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.repro.asexual/asexual-reproducers/

Examples of Asexual Reproduction Binary fission

Examples of Asexual Reproduction Budding

Examples of Asexual Reproduction Vegetative propagation

Examples of Asexual Reproduction Regeneration

Benefits of Asexual Reproduction Rapid population growth Requires less energy to reproduce All organisms are capable of reproduction (not just the females of the species) One organism can make a whole population Less likely to become extinct Each offspring is a genetic copy of the parent

Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction The primary disadvantage of asexual reproduction is: THERE IS NO GENETIC DIVERSITY! This means that a population of genetically identical organisms is more susceptible to disease and can’t adapt easily to a changing environment.

Sexual Reproduction Sexual reproduction requires two organisms. Happens when the two gametes (sex cells) fuse together to create a new and genetically different offspring.

Stop and Jot How is Meiosis related to Sexual Reproduction?

Advantages of Sexual Reproduction Creates more genetic diversity in the offspring. More adaptability More variation Greater chance of mutation Greater chance of survivability when faced with environmental change

Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction It requires two individuals with opposing gametes (sex cells). Organisms must use a lot of energy nourishing and growing a new baby organism. Yes, plants put a lot of energy into growing new baby plants… Seeds anyone? It takes a lot of energy to produce all the crap tons of pollen in the air and to make fruits/nuts.

Comparing Asexual and Sexual Reproduction Type ASEXUAL SEXUAL Number of parents What do offspring look like? DNA One parent 2 parents Different from parents but still similar Identical to parent Combined DNA of 2 parents Same as parent

Asexual DNA DNA Sexual DNA DNA DNA + Sperm Egg Zygote

DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA Asexual DNA DNA Sexual + All offspring identical – no variation DNA DNA Sexual DNA DNA DNA + DNA or DNA DNA All offspring different – considerable variation or DNA DNA

Whiteboard Races Create a Venn Diagram on a large whiteboard Fill in as many similarities or differences as you can After 3 minutes, groups will rotate and add on to each new group’s Asexual Sexual

Cambridge Practice Problems This is due on FRIDAY (Maroon) or THURSDAY (Gold)

Classwork: Reproductive Strategies You will be assigned a group number, 1-6 On a computer, go to the class weebly You and your group will read about two organisms: one that reproduces sexually and the other asexually Record information in your table and be prepared to share with the class