B – The Cardiovascular System The structure and function of arteries, capillaries and veins The structure and function of the heart Pathology of cardio vascular disease (CVD) Blood glucose levels and obesity

KA 7: Pathology of cardio vascular disease (CVD) Subtopics: Atherosclerosis Thrombosis Peripheral vascular disorders Cholesterol levels and FH This used to be in a spider diagram format!

KA 7a: Learning Outcomes Define the following terms: Atherosclerosis Atheroma State the effects of a growing atheroma on the artery and blood pressure State 4 cardiovascular diseases caused by atherosclerosis

What is the major cause of death in the world? Lifestyle choices? Bacterial infections? Viral infections?

Re-cap: structure of arteries The endothelium lining of the central lumen. This lining is then surrounded by layers of tissue. Outer layer: Connective tissue containing elastic fibres Middle layer: Contains smooth muscle with more elastic fibres Central lumen

The endothelium lining Build up of fatty material Plaque / Atheroma / Build up of fatty material

Atherosclerosis can occur in ANY vessel in the body The major arteries in the body are: The coronary artery (supplies the heart muscle with oxygenated blood) The carotid artery (supplies the brain with oxygenated blood) The aorta (biggest artery in the body before splitting up into smaller arteries) Atherosclerosis in any other blood vessel can cause Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)

What happens to the elasticity of the artery? What happens to the diameter of the artery? What happens to the flow of blood? What happens to the person’s blood pressure?

Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis is the accumulation of f_____ material (consisting mainly of cholesterol), fibrous material and calcium forming an a______ or plaque beneath the e________. As the a______ grows, the artery thickens and loses its e_______. The diameter of the artery becomes r______ and b_____ f___ becomes restricted resulting in increased b____ p_______. Atherosclerosis is the root cause of various cardio vascular diseases including a____, heart attack, s____ and peripheral vascular disease.

Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis is the accumulation of fatty material (consisting mainly of cholesterol), fibrous material and calcium forming an atheroma or plaque beneath the endothelium. As the atheroma grows, the artery thickens and loses its elasticity. The diameter of the artery becomes reduced and blood flow becomes restricted resulting in increased blood pressure. Atherosclerosis is the root cause of various cardio vascular diseases including angina, heart attack, stroke and peripheral vascular disease.

Re-cap video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfAqC1oPbkw (what is atherosclerosis?)

KA 7a: Learning Outcomes Define the following terms: Atherosclerosis Atheroma State the effects of a growing atheroma on the artery and blood pressure State 4 cardiovascular diseases caused by atherosclerosis