Bio& 241 A&P Unit 4 Lecture 3

Review – write out: *Order and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from formation to circulation *Embryonic development – fill in blanks Word bank: (may be used more than once) Metencephalon Mesacephalon Telencephalon Diencephalon Rhombencephalon Myelencephalon Prosencephalon

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I3j2VrhqTAA

Spinal Cord anatomy

Position of the Spinal Cord in relationship to the Vertebral Foramen

Gross Anatomy of the Spinal Cord Posterior C B K N E I J A G D F L M Anterior

Gross Anatomy of the Spinal Cord

Ascending and Descending Tracts of the Spinal Cord

Patellar reflex Achilles reflex https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H1b-iKf2CuY

Newborn reflexes Root reflex Suck reflex Moro reflex Tonic neck reflex Grasp reflex Babinski reflex Step reflex

Spinal Nerves Cervical nerves 8 pairs Thoracic Nerves 12 pairs Lumbar Nerves 5 pairs Sacral Nerves 5 pairs Coccygeal Nerves 1 pair Total 31 pairs

Spinal Plexuses and Nerves Cervical Plexus (C1-C5) Phrenic nerve Brachial Plexus (C5-T1) Axillary nerve, Radial nerve, Ulnar nerve Lumbar Plexus (L1-L4) Femoral nerve, Genitofemoral nerve Sacral Plexus (L4-S4) Sciatic nerve, Pudendal nerve

Cervical plexus Nerve Distribution Phrenic Diaphragm

Brachial plexus Axillary Deltoid, teres minor Radial Triceps brachii, extensor of the forearms Median Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis Ulnar Flexor carpi ulnaris, skin of the medial side of hand, 5th finger, medial half of 4th finger

Lumbar plexus Genitofemoral Cremaster muscle, skin over middle anterior surface of the thigh, scrotum and Labia majora Femoral Flexor muscles of thigh, leg extensor muscles, skin over anterior and medial thigh, medial leg and foot

Sacral plexus Sciatic Combination of two nerves, tibial and common peroneal, innervates most of lower leg. Pudendal Muscle of the perineum, skin of the penis and scrotum, clitoris, labial majora, labial minora, and vagina

Spinal Nerves from the Cervical and Brachial plexuses Distribution Phrenic Diaphragm Axillary Deltoid, teres minor Radial Triceps brachii, extensor of the forearms Ulnar Flexor carpi ulnaris, skin of the medial side of hand, 5th finger, medial half of 4th finger

Spinal Nerves from the Lumbar plexus Distribution Median Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis Genitofemoral Cremaster muscle, skin over middle anterior surface of the thigh, scrotum and Labia majora Femoral Flexor muscles of thigh, leg extensor muscles, skin over anterior and medial thigh, medial leg and foot

Spinal Nerves from the Sacral plexus Distribution Sciatic Combination of two nerves, tibial and common peroneal, innervates most of lower leg. Pudendal Muscle of the perineum, skin of the penis and scrotum, clitoris, labial majora, labial minora, and vagina

Dermatomes Senses from spinal nerve or Trigemonal cranial nerve V

Review of Cranial Nerves

Cranial Nerves

Cranial Nerves Olfactory nerve Sensory Location: olfactory foramen, cribriform plate  Smelling

Cranial Nerves (II) Optic nerve Sensory Location: Optic foramen  Sight

Cranial Nerves (III) Oculomotor nerve Motor Location: superior orbital fissure  Eye muscle movement

Cranial Nerves (IV) Trochlear nerve Motor Location: superior orbital fissure  Superior oblique muscle

Cranial Nerves (V) Trigeminal nerve Sensory and motor 3 branches 1. Ophthalmic branch Location: Superior orbital fissure  orbit cornea, upper eyelid, nose, forehead skin, sinuses 2. Maxillary branch Location: Foramen rotundum  lower eyelid, temple, cheek, lip, palate, pharynx, teeth 3. Mandibular branch Location: Foramen ovale  sensory, temporal, lip, meatus, jaw regions, motor for mastication, ear ossicles

Cranial Nerves (VI) Abducens nerve Motor Location: superior orbital fissure  Lateral rectus muscle

Cranial Nerves (VII) Facial nerve Sensory and motor Location: internal auditory meatus  Taste buds, facial expression, glands

Cranial Nerves (VIII) Vestibulocochlear nerve Sensory Location: Internal auditory/acoustic meatus  equilibrium, hearing

Cranial Nerves (IX) Glossopharyngeal nerve Sensory and motor Location: jugular foramen  Taste buds, senses, swallowing, salivary

Cranial Nerves (X) Vagus nerve Sensory and motor Location: jugular foramen  Visceral impulses, muscles of airway, intestines, gallbladder

Cranial Nerves (XI) Spinal Accessory nerve Motor Location: Jugular foramen  pharynx, larynx, soft palate, trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscle

Cranial Nerves (XII) Hypoglossal nerve Motor Location: hypoglossal canal  Tongue for speech and swallowing

Propagation of an AP along neuron

Propagation of an AP along neuron

Communication between neurons at a synaptic junction