Fig. 2-1: Spherical and plane wave fronts

Fig. 2-2: Field distributions in plane E&M waves

Fig. 2-3: Adding two linearly polarized waves

Fig. 2-4: Elliptically polarized light

Fig. 2-5: Adding linearly polarized waves

Fig. 2-6: Refraction and reflection

Fig. 2-9: Single fiber structure 7

Fig. 2-10: Comparison of fiber structures

Fig. 2-11: Skew rays

Fig. 2-12: Meridional ray representation

Fig. 2-13: Light propagation

Fig. 2-14: Low-order-mode fields

Fig. 2-23: Mode-field diameter

Fig. 2-24: Polarizations of fundamental mode

Fig. 2-33: Microcrack model