1. Chap-2: Waves and Sound Wave is a traveling disturbance.
Wave carries energy from place to place.
There are two basic types of waves: Transverse waves and longitudinal waves.

2. Transverse waves
A transverse wave is one in which the disturbance is perpendicular to the direction of travel of the wave.
Examples: Light wave, waves on a guitar string.

3. Longitudinal Waves
Longitudinal wave is one in which the disturbance is parallel to the line of travel of the wave.
Example: Sound wave in air is a longitudinal wave.

4. Water Waves
Water waves are partly transverse and longitudinal.

5. Light and Electromagnetic waves
Electric and magnetic fields fluctuating together can form a propagating electromagnetic wave.
Differences between sound and light: Bell-in-Vacuum Demonstration.

6. Periodic Waves http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/sound/u11l1c.cfm
Periodic waves are waves that repeat.

7. Amplitude, Wavelength, and Period
The amplitude, A is the maximum disturbance.
The wavelength, λ  is the horizontal length of one cycle of the wave.
The period, T is the time required for one complete up/down cycle of the wave.

8. Wave Speed

9. 2.2 Fundamental Properties of Waves
Huygens’s principle
Superposition
Inverse square law
Polarization
The above first three phenomena apply to both longitudinal and transverse waves. Polarization is unique to transverse waves, for example light.

10. WAVE FRONTS AND RAYS
The angle between a wave front and a ray is 900.

11. Spherical and plane wave fronts

12. Wave fronts
Circular wave fronts (a) produced by a vibrating ball, and linear wave fronts (b) produced by a vibrating bar in a ripple tank. The lines in both represent the crests of successive waves.