1. Slab waveguide solution

2. FIBERS
Critical angle
Numerical aperture
Multimode
Single mode
Zero mode
Graded Index – parabolic profile

3. ``LP’’ modes (linearly polarized)

5. characteristic waveguide parameter
THE V NUMBER
characteristic waveguide parameter
normalized wavenumber
V = 2.405
Propagation constant b

6. BEAT LENGTH

7. Optical Couplers
Definition: Device for distributing optical power among two or more ports.
Coupling Ratio:

8. Wavelength Division Multiplexings (WDMs)
Definition: A system that allows the transmission of more than one signal over a common path, by assigning each signal a different frequency band. Also known as frequency division multiplexing.

9. Generally: fiber to air – polarizer – fiber
Polarizers
Definition: An optical device capable of transforming unpolarized or natural light into polarized light, usually by selective transmission of polarized rays.
Generally: fiber to air – polarizer –
fiber

10. Polarization Controllers

11. Polarization Beam Splitters (PBS)
Definition: Polarizing beam splitters take an input beam of light and divide it into two orthogonal polarizations.

12. Isolators
PM/fast axis blocked
Definition: A device intended to prevent return reflections along a fiber.

13. 980nm Laser Diode Pump

14. Polarization Maintaining Fibers (PMFs)
Definition: Single-mode fiber that preserves the plane of polarization of the light launched into it as the beam propagates through its length. The polarization is maintained by asymmetry in the fiber structure, either in its shape (geometrical birefringence) or in its internal stresses (stress-induced birefringence). Because of this asymmetry, the two perpendicularly polarized modes transmitted by the fiber have different propagation constants..

15. Erbium Doped Fibers (EDFs)
Definition: An optical fiber that can be used to amplify an optical input. Erbium rare earth ions are added to the fiber core material as a dopant in typical levels of a few hundred parts per million. When pumped by a laser diode, optical gain is created, and amplification occurs.