Settling the New England Colonies

Puritans in Massachusetts Puritans are under attack in England Seek religious freedom in the colonies Follow beliefs, wealth, and success Great Migration 1630 17,000 people come to the Americas 20 years after the Pilgrims settle here

The Massachusetts Bay Company Charles I is new King of England Puts more pressure to follow the Anglican Church John Winthrop Lawyer and landowner Represents the Puritans and helps them gain a colonial charter Form the Massachusetts Bay Company

Settling the Colony 1630 17 ships carrying 1000 people leave England Want to establish the Massachusetts Bay Colony north of Plymouth Largest migration More organized Food, clothing, tools and livestock

“A City Upon a Hill” John Winthrop said, “all eyes will be on us.” Overcome harsh winter, disease Boston Home to 16,000 colonists Successful trading center Practiced their own religion Church member chose minister Changed Massachusetts Bay Company into a commonwealth Self-governing political unit

The General Court General Court 1st – only allowed MBC investors Later – allowed all adult free church going men Enforced laws and beliefs Must attend long Sunday church services Dancing, sports and games prohibited

Roger Williams Speaks Out Separation of church and state Church has too much power You should be able to vote and not belong to the church Said that colonists should buy the land from the Native Americans Banished from the colony because of beliefs Went to live with the Narragansett Native Americans

A Place for Religious Tolerance Providence Roger Williams bargains with Native Americans to get some land to make a new colony Welcomed those who had different beliefs Quakers and Jews Williams gained a charter from the English Parliament in 1644 Colony of Rhode Island was born

West to Connecticut Massachusetts is becoming too crowded Minister Thomas Hooker leads his congregation to Connecticut Build a town called Hartford Created the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1st American constitution Plan of government People could elect a governor All property owners could vote Became its own colony when given a charted by the king 1662

New Hampshire and Maine 1622 John Mason and Sir Ferdinando Gorges receive a grant to settle in this area Massachusetts claims settlements in both areas New Hampshire Becomes a royal colony in 1680 Maine Remains part of Massachusetts until 1820

Colonists and Native Americans Clash Why? Colonists cleared forests for farming Drove away the wild game = FOOD Colonists let live stock run wild Destroyed Native American crops Colonists bring over diseases Colonists try to teach Native Americans Christianity                                                                                                                              

The Pequot Wars Connecticut colonists move west and push the Pequots off their land Pequots fight back Colonists organize a raid (1637) Include Native American allies Surprise attack kills 500 Pequots English take the land over

King Philip’s War 1675 Wampanoag chief, Metacomet, called King Philip by the English, bring many NA allies together Native Americans want English off their land Burn towns and fields, kill and kidnap settlers English strike back Kill thousands of Native Americans Capture and sell many NA into slavery 1676 Metacomet is killed and the war is over