The Water Cycle NATURE SA 2016/2017

Activity 1: Ice-breaker What-a-Cycle http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/atmos/ll_whatacy cle.html

The Water Cycle The water cycle (also called the hydrological cycle) is the movement of water on Earth.

The Water Cycle The water cycle is about the movement of water – But, individual water molecules spend a lot of time in “storage” rather than in flux What are the types of reservoirs water is stored within?

The Water Cycle

The Ocean The water cycle deals with moving water from land to sea to air but water is also stored The oceans account for 96.5 % of water on Earth Water in the oceans may remain there for 3,000 years! Ocean water accounts for 90 % of evaporation

Lakes, Rivers, and Streams Water in lakes and rivers is important to society Only 0.0132 % of Earth’s waters is located in these reservoirs Water within a certain watershed will flow towards the same area Mississippi is the 4th largest watershed

Ice and Snow Water can be “locked-up” for thousands of years as snow or ice Antarctica holds almost 90 % of Earth’s ice mass As snow gets deeper, it compresses the snow into ice sheets Glacial ice covers 10 % of land

The Atmosphere If all the water in the atmosphere rained down at once, it would cover the ground to a depth of 1 inch!! The superhighway for the movement of water! The atmosphere is the quickest way for water to be moved around the globe Clouds are a visual manifestation of water A water molecule only stays in the atmosphere ~9 days How much water is in the atmosphere?

Video 1: The Water Cycle https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=al-do-HGuIk

Video 1 Discussion 1. How old is fresh water? Millions of years old   2. The water cycle is a series of flows of water between various stores. 3. Where is 2/3 of all the fresh water on Earth located? Ice sheets and glaciers 4. Precipitation is the process of water falling on Earth. 5. What causes water to move back out into the atmosphere? Evaporation 6. Transpiration is the process of water evaporating through plants. 7. What is the process water goes through when it becomes visible again in the atmosphere? Condensation 8. Name 3 other processes for the movement of water. Collection Runoff Interception Infiltration Percolation Discharge

Phase Change When water changes state it is called a “phase change”

Phase Change We see water as a solid, liquid, or gas. Water changes phase as heat energy is added or released. http://www.ricksci.com/psc/pscr_phase_change_notes.htm

Phase Change Examples What are some examples of phase changes? Feeling cold after getting out of the shower – Evaporation! Water puddle disappearing on a hot day – Evaporation!

Phase Change Cloud condensation nuclei provide a surface for water vapor to condense on. Examples of CCN include salt, dust, smoke, etc. Evidence of CCN can been seen on cars after the rain. http://kvgktrailblazers.weebly.com/forms-of-precipitation.html

Activity 2: Cloud in a Bottle

Phase Change What happened in this activity? Why did the cloud form? Phase changes can occur due to changes in pressure, too!

Other examples of this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tk4t0qrQykM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVm_nxCoAyI

Run off/Groundwater Water has to go somewhere after it rains. The type of soil can determine how quickly water is able to infiltrate into the ground. http://www.gov.pe.ca/environment/index.php3?number=1015822&lang=E

Groundwater Groundwater supplies drinking water for 51% of the total U.S. population and 99% of the rural population. Groundwater helps grow our food. 64% of groundwater is used for irrigation to grow crops. http://www.groundwater.org/get-informed/basics/groundwater.html

Video 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNWAerr_xEE

Video 2 Discussion What is a full body of groundwater called? Aquifer What is the name of the largest aquifer in the US? High Plains Aquifer What do you call the level underground where you first hit water? Water table What is the area above the water table called? Unsaturated zone Can surface water become ground water? Yes How much water do farms in the US use every day on average? 53 billion gallons

Activity 3