Chapter 16 Speeches to Inform “Obviously, a man’s judgment cannot be better than the information on which he has based it.” – Arthur Hays Sultzberger, publisher New York Times

Types of Informative Speeches Public Lecture Status Report Briefing Fireside Chat Chalk Talk

Types of Informative Speeches Public Lecture Special interest or expertise, invited to speak Conventions, Organizations Status Report Update on project Business and social groups

Types of Informative Speeches Briefing Changes in policy or procedure Coaches, editors, politicians Fireside Chats Addressing concerns FDR, can be used by heads of organizations to discuss policies and goals Chalk Talk Use visual aids to give directions Coaches, directors with blocking, drivers’ ed

What may follow Informative Speeches? Question and answer period

The Six Cs of Informative Speaking 1 Be Clear Will everyone understand? Be Concise Will I waste anyone’s time? Be Complete Have I defined the major points (advance organizers)? Be Correct Have I checked facts? Be Concrete Do I have examples? Connect Will my audience relate? 2 3 4 5 6

Finding a Subject Personal Experience Observations Surveys Then narrow You are an expert on something Observations Read, attend a meeting, interview Surveys Find out what people want to know Then narrow

How to Narrow Time - period Space - geography Extent covered Divide - single elements

How to Narrow a Thesis Thesis is the goal of a speech or the thought on which the speech is based Examples: Teenagers and Fads Slang used often comes from movies. Healthy lifestyles Eating five servings of fruits and vegetables reduces chances of getting cancer. Famous Musicians Beethoven’s hearing loss may have helped him compose.

Supporting the Thesis Use Facts Also use Statistics Evidence Anecdotes Quotations Definitions Descriptions

Audio and Visual Aids Sight is our most dominant sense. We pay 25 times as much attention to visual information than to other types.

Two-Dimensional Aids Charts Diagrams Maps Graphs Drawings Photographs Cartoons

Specific Purpose Chart Diagram Map Graphs List information Diagram Show how something works Map Show routes, locations, relationships Graphs Make numbers tangible - show relationships in data Drawings, Photos and Cartoons Pictures are worth a thousand words

Means of Developing Chalkboard Handouts Projections Video Weakness is you turn your back and quality Handouts Weakness is the distraction Projections Overhead - weakness is quality, noise, and can’t build Slides/Powerpoint - Vivid, professional, but can be overused with too many and dark slides require a dark room Video Create your own or use a clip, but can make an awkward break

Three-Dimensional Aids Models Cutaways Just use them! And Sound Recordings

Guidelines for Using Aids Large enough Master mechanics Make sure it contributes Don’t stand in front of it Talk to audience not visual Keep out of sight until ready to use Don’t over do Make sure you have backup Practice, practice, practice

Recalling the Facts Why are each of the 6 Cs of informative speaking important? Why is it often difficult to imagine what our listeners are thinking? Where can you get ideas about what subject to speak on? Why is it important to narrow your topic? What will help you decide what material belongs in your speech and what doesn’t? What purpose do audio/visual aids serve? What are some guidelines for using visual aids? Look Back on Page 467 of textbook

Vocabulary public lecture status report Briefing fireside chat chalk talk advance organizer cultural literacy Narrowing thesis anecdote quotation definition map diagram graph handout overhead projector model cutaway Speech terms page 437 in textbook