Section 3: The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution Key Terms

ESSENTIAL QUESTION How did industrialization and modernization (and modern problems) influence new social movements in society?

1. Feminism Movement for women’s rights starts during the Enlightenment. Motivated by a desire by women to be treated equally. Women were paid less than men. Wanted the right to divorce and to own property. Wanted political and professional rights. Movement for women’s rights starts during the Enlightenment. i. Mary Wollstonecraft and the Vindication of the Rights of Women, 1792. Motivated by a desire by women to be treated equally. i. As England industrializes and more and more women enter the workforce. ii. As members of the workforce, they are treated unfairly. iii. They are paid less for the same work that men do. Wanted the right to divorce and to property. i. Women did not have the right to divorce. ii. Husbands, at times, would abandon their wives and leave but they couldn’t divorce. iii. All property followed maternal lines – even children were the property of the husband. Wanted political and professional rights. i. Women were looking for the right to vote. ii. Women were looking for the right to work in certain occupations. British suffragists arrested

2. Capitalism An economic/social system in which the means of production are privately controlled. Labor, goods and capital are traded in a free market Profits are distributed to owners or reinvested in new technologies and industries Wages are paid to labor.

3. Socialism Government owns and controls important parts of the economy such as factories and utilities. Wealth is distributed more equally to everyone. Government responsible for fixing problems.

4. Communism/Utopianism People suffered during industrialization. Reformers looked for a better way. The Solution: A Classless society based on common ownership and control of the means of production and property in general Socialism and NOT Capitalism! Cooperation and NOT Competition! Robert Owen created a cooperative style commune. People suffered during industrialization. i. Reformers looked for a better way. Socialism NOT capitalism i. Replace competition with cooperation. Government owns and controls important parts of the economy. Government responsible for fixing problems. Robert Owen created a cooperative style commune. i. British cotton manufacturer. ii. It fails and breaks up in 1820. Painting of a early cooperative.

5. Emancipation/Abolitionism Slavery abolished in Europe in the 1700’s—but not everywhere else Russia, 1861 Serfs who were obligated to nobles and to the land were freed. United States of America, 1863 Civil War ultimately ends slavery in America. Russia, 1861 Serfs who were obligated to nobles and the land are freed. United States of America, 1863 Civil War ultimately ends slavery in America. A slave family in South Carolina, 1862.