The First People Society Pre-Contact.

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Presentation transcript:

The First People Society Pre-Contact

How did the first people arrive in North America? Where did they originate from?

Beringia Different theories exist as to how they arrived. The two most common being: 1) The Land bridge hypothesis (accepted) 2) Watercraft hypothesis (questioned)

Language Groups There are three language groups of Amerindians in North America The Inuit The Iroquois The Algonquian

5 Characteristics of the Iroquois IROQUOIS SEDENTARY LONGHOUSES AGRICULTURE MATRIARCHY ST. LAWRENCE LOWLANDS

5 nations Iroquois

Politics The Mohawk and Huron are some of the original five nations to form the League of the Iroquois. This confederacy or league was formed around1450 - 1580 A.O. (C.E.) to establish peace between the five nations and with other nations in the Northeast. A spiritual leader, Dekanawidah and Hiawatha are the legendary leaders to work out the alliances and establish the Great Binding Law: This was used as the basis of the American Constitution

Politics Continued Political Aspects of the Iroquois Nation Their society was organized around the Longhouse Several families lived in each long house and formed a clan Each village had several clans Several villages formed a nation The 5 nations formed the Iroquois people Society was based upon a Matriarchy. Eldest woman of each long house was its leader All female leaders would then choose the chief to lead the village

Iroquois Village

Longhouse

Social/Cultural aspects of the Iroquois nation Sedentary: lived in one location for 8-10 years Religion: based on the belief in spirits Shamans interpreted dreams and healed the sick(Shamanism) They Believed in animism: The belief that all things have a soul Believed in coexisting with nature Oral traditions: Culture was transmitted through stories and songs Social Life: Danced and played sports in the summer Men hunted and women grew crops

Agriculture

4 Characteristics of the Algonquian Patriarchy Algonquian Wigwams Nomadic Shield(Canadian)

The Algonquians Poor soil and a short growing season in Quebec made agriculture too risky for the Algonquians. All groups were hunter/gatherers, although their lifestyles differed somewhat due to available resources.

Political Aspects of the Algonquian Nation Small hunting groups of 3-4 families Several groups formed a Band which would meet each summer Each Band had its own territory and was independent All the bands which spoke the same language considered themselves of the same nation Society was based upon a Patriarchy

Social Aspects of the Algonquian Nation Nomadic: followed prey Religion: based on the belief in spirits Shamans interpreted dreams and healed the sick(Shamanism) They Believed in animism: The belief that all things have a soul Believed in coexisting with nature Oral traditions: Culture was transmitted through stories and songs Social Life: Danced and played sports in the summer Men hunted and women gathered berries, roots and seeds few possessions Patriarchy

Wigwam

NOMADIC