1. Societies of North America
Chapter 1 Section 2

2. Native American Diversity
By 1500, hundreds of Native American cultural groups
Environment shapes each group’s economy, technology, religion
Environment affects religion; groups believe certain places sacred
Trade links Native Americans

3. Peoples of the North and Northwest Coast
Aleut live on islands off Alaska
Inuit live on tundra—treeless, frozen plain
They use kayaks, or small boats, to hunt sea mammals
Northwest Coast people, such as Kwakiutl and Haida, fish salmon
They make wooden houses, boats, carved objects

5. Peoples of the West Native Americans in West are hunters and gatherers
Men hunt game; women gather wild foods, some are expert weavers
Western groups have spiritual beliefs linked to nature

6. Peoples of Mexico Aztecs have great civilization in central Mexico
Begin building capital city, Tenochtitlán, in 1325
Irrigation helps them grow many crops
Conquer peoples who give food, resources to them
Complex society with upper, middle, lower classes

7. Peoples of the Southwest
In American Southwest, Pueblo people use irrigation to farm
Build many-storied, adobe houses
Men hunt, farm, weave, build; women cook, repair houses, craft pottery
Navajo, Apache arrive later; hunters and gatherers; trade with Pueblo
Later, Navajo become farmers

9. Peoples of the Great Plains
Great Plains extend from Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains
Some Great Plains tribes are nomads; others live in villages by rivers
Hunt bison; use its hide for clothes, bones for tools
Mandans and Pawnee live in large circular lodges
Spiritual beliefs vary; some honor sacred places

11. Peoples of the Southeast
Choctaw and Chickasaw are farmers
Women farm; men hunt, fish, clear land
Society is matrilineal—trace ancestry through the mother
In villages, people gather at central square for meetings, ceremonies

12. Peoples of the Eastern Woodlands
Most Eastern Woodland peoples speak Iroquoian or Algonquian language
Use slash-and-burn agriculture—chop, burn trees; use ash to enrich soil
Iroquois live in longhouses; Algonquin live in wigwams
Warlike Iroquois take advice from Deganawida, make peace
Form 5-tribe alliance—Iroquois League, brings period of peace to Iroquois