Economic aspects of environmentally sound management of used batteries Elena Bodíková EIB Consult, s.r.o. Bratislava

Extended producer responsibility based on the responsibility of producers / importers of batteries to establish and operate system of separate collection, treatment and recovery of used batteries what means also to finance whole system

Why EPR? Producer is able to influence: Product design Hazardous materials (chemicals) content in the product Consumers behaviour Producer is responsible for: Collection Treatment Recovery and recycling of waste produced from his products Producer is obliged to: Set up waste collection systems (separate collection of B&A) Set up systems fot B&A treatment using BAT (treatment, recovery and recycling techniques (= finance)

EPR Producers must cooperate with producers (holders) of used batteries, as services and maintenance facilities as well as with municipalities to provide for separate collection of used batteries in order to fulfil legal limits of collection, given usually as a percentage of amount put on the market. The industrial association or governmental authority (ministry, agency…) collects data on amount of batteries put on the market during the years by every producer / importer. Every producer / importer can calculate his market share that is a base for calculation of the collection share.

EPR The producer / importer is also obliged to fulfil recycling and recovery limits. He must cooperate also with the facilities dealing with the treatment and recovery of used lead batteries in the country or abroad. If the price of the treatment of used batteries is minus the producer / importer must pay also the costs connected with treatment.

Producer (importer) (collective scheme) Ministry of Environmental Affairs Scheme of the system Financial guarantee Registration Collection (municipality, services, gas stations...) Collective Scheme Collection (municipality, services, gas stations...) Producer (importer) (collective scheme) Distributor Distributor Waste company Transport company Waste company Transport company  Treatment facility Metal recycler Recycler, landfill... Finance Communication Wastes  

Forms of fulfilling obligations Producer can fulfil obligations: individually or collectively as a member of the collective scheme

Individual fulfilment of obligations producer reporting Ministry of Environment registration Take-back financial guarantee € € municipality € € € € municipality € waste Recycler, landfill... municipality municipality Waste company B&A treatment facility 8

Collective scheme Collective scheme Producer Producer Producer agreement agreement € agreement agreement € Collective scheme € € Take back agreement Collection co. Collection co. agreement waste € agreement invoice WEEE treatment WEEE treatment WEEE treatment WEEE treatment 9

However, obtaining secondary lead from used lead batteries is economically attractive, cutting about 25 % from the energy bill compared with mining primary lead. In addition, batteries are a ubiquitous product with a predictable lifetime, and the large market for recycled lead creates economies of scale. As a result, battery manufacturers rely heavily on secondary lead, most of it sourced from recycled batteries.

Slovak example Lead B&A: app. 800 000 €/year (excl. price for transport) (price for recycling of 1 ton of used lead B&A is 0,14 €/kg, contribution to Recycling Fund is 0,28 €/kg)

Thank you for your attention Ing. Elena Bodíková, PhD. EIB Consult, s.r.o. Ivana Bukovčana 26 841 08 Bratislava mobil: +421 904 128 130 elena.bodikova@eibconsult.sk www.eibconsult.sk