Aim: What does it mean to be Jewish? Jewish Symbol: Star of David Do Now: What do you know about Judaism? What would you like to know? Jewish Symbol: Star of David

I How did Judaism Begin? A) The founder of Judaism was Abraham, in Mesopotamia 1800 BCE. In 1800 BCE Abraham made a covenant (agreement) with God to worship only him, and God promised the Holy Land (modern day Israel) to the Jews.

How did Judaism begin? Continued… B) Years later Moses led the Jews out of Egyptian slavery. He received the 10 commandments from God. 40 years later the Jews settled in the Holy Land. After the Hebrews settled in the Holy Land, they created a Kingdom. The Jewish King Solomon built the first Jewish Temple in Jerusalem. Eventually the kingdom divided, and were later conquered by the Neo-Babylonians who destroyed the first Temple.

II Beliefs of Judaism The 10 Commandments A) Belief in 1 God (monotheistic) B) 10 commandments C) The messiah is coming and will bring peace to earth. The 10 Commandments 1. I am the lord your God who brought you out of Egypt. You shall have no other gods. 2. You shall not make or worship idols. 3. You shall not swear falsely by the name of the Lord your God. 4. Remember the Sabbath [Friday night and Saturday] and keep it holy. 5. Honor your father and mother. 6. You shall not murder. 7. You shall not commit adultery. 8. You shall not steal. 9. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. 10. You shall not covet your neighbor’s belongings.

III Jewish Sacred Places A) Jerusalem and the Holy Land

Jewish Sacred Places Continued… B) The Western “Wailing” Wall is the remaining wall from the 2nd Jewish Temple which was destroyed by the Romans. What the 2nd Jewish Temple May Have Looked Like After the Romans destroyed the Second Jewish Temple in the 1st century CE, Jews no longer practiced animal sacrifice. Instead, they would pray at the Western Wall or in synagogue.

Jewish Sacred Places Continued… C) Today Jews pray at a synagogue. Services are led by a rabbi. The Torah ( sacred Jewish text) is sung by the Cantor. There are no images of people. Synagogue, Iran

Synagogue, Ethiopia

IV Sacred Jewish Texts The Torah “the law” includes the first 5 Books of the Jewish Bible, and contains 613 laws. Written in Hebrew and Aramaic on a scroll. The entire Jewish Bible is called the “Old Testament” by Christians, as Christians also have a New Testament. To Jews, there is no New Testament, so they never refer to their Bible as “old”. Mezzuzah

Prayer over Shabbat candles V Jewish Practices A) Shabbat (sundown on Friday through Saturday) is time to be spent in prayer and with your family. Prayer over Shabbat candles

Jewish Practices Continued… B) Kosher Law forbids eating certain foods (such as no blood, pork, or shellfish). You also cannot mix meat or dairy.

Jewish Practices Continued… C) Men wear a yarmulke on their heads; women cover their hair in synagogue. Orthodox and Hasidic Jews (who are very religious) will not cut their beards or sideburns. The women will cover their hair with a scarf or wig, and wear long skirts.

Jewish Practices Continued… Bar Mitzvah and Bat Mitzvah: It’s more than just a party!

VI Jewish Holidays A) Chanukah celebrates the miracle of oil in the Jewish Temple lasting for 8 days. B) Passover celebrates the Exodus (when the Jews left bondage in Egypt). C) Yom Kippur is the holiest day for Jews; you ask for forgiveness of sins.

HW: Fill in your religion chart for Judaism!

Key Vocabulary Abraham Rabbi Aramaic Shabbat Cantor Synagogue Covenant Torah Hanukah Western “Wailing” Wall Jerusalem Yarmulke Jewish Temple Yom Kippur Judaism Kosher Passover