Take out composition notebook and pick up handouts! AGENDA – 4/8/16 Take out composition notebook and pick up handouts! Finish Biomes Notes Update Notebooks! Homework: TEST NEXT FRIDAY!

NOTEBOOKS: 4/8/2016 **MAKE SURE ALL FORMATIVES ARE FINISHED and TAPED in NOTEBOOK: Food Web Lab Symbiosis Matching Succession Worksheet Deer Population Changes Limiting Factors Worksheet

Take out composition notebook and pick up handouts! AGENDA – 4/8/16 Take out composition notebook and pick up handouts! Bell-Ringer: Check HW Carbon Cycle notes Carbon Cycle cut and paste

BELL-RINGER 4/8/16 Take out your homework --- if you did not finish your homework, FINISH IT NOW! Keep in mind the LAST multiple choice test over Ecology is next Friday.

2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Today’s Objective: Be able to describe the flow of matter in an ecosystem through the carbon and nitrogen cycles. 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35

Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 With chains, webs, and pyramids, it shows how energy moves through an ecosystem. Every day energy is replenished by the sun. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57

Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 But MATTER (anything that has mass and occupies space) is cycled and is not replenished like energy. There is a finite (or measurable) amount of matter on Earth. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57

Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 The atoms of carbon, nitrogen, and other elements that make up the bodies of organisms alive today are the same atoms that have been on Earth since life began. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57

CARBON is a piece of matter that cycles through our environment. It is never lost or gained…..it just cycles through over and over. Where is Carbon found? METHANE CARBOHYDRATES CARBON DIOXIDE

Volcanoes release carbon into the air ABIOTIC TO ABIOTIC Carbon in the Atmosphere Volcanoes release carbon into the air ABIOTIC TO ABIOTIC Wood and fossil fuels burn and put Carbon into the air. Cellular Respiration: When organisms exhale, carbon is released into the atmosphere as CO2. BIOTIC TO ABIOTIC As decomposers break down dead plant and animal material, some carbon is released into the air. BIOTIC TO ABIOTIC Combustion/Burning Exhaling Volcanoes Decomposers

Carbon in the Atmosphere Combustion/Burning Exhaling Volcanoes Decomposers

Carbon Entering Biotic Factors Photosynthesis: Carbon from the air enters autotrophs. ABIOTIC TO BIOTIC Consumption: Primary consumers ingest carbon when they feed on autotrophs. BIOTIC TO BIOTIC Higher-level consumers ingest carbon when they feed on other heterotrophs BIOTIC TO BIOTIC Photosynthesis Consumption

Decomposition Carbon Entering Soil When plants and animals die, decomposers break them down and put some of the carbon into the soil.

Carbon Entering Biotic Factors When plants and animals die, decomposers break them down and put some of the carbon into the soil. Photosynthesis Consumption

Ways that Carbon enters the atmosphere…. FROM ABIOTIC FACTORS FROM BIOTIC FACTORS 1. Combustion/Burning of Fossil Fuels 1. Respiration / Breathing Out 2. Open Burning

Ways that Carbon enters BIOTIC FACTORS…. 1. Photosynthesis 2. Consumption

1. Death and Decomposition How Carbon enters SOIL 1. Death and Decomposition

NITROGEN is atom that cycles through our environment. It is never lost or gained…..it just cycles through over and over. Where is Nitrogen found? Proteins 78% of the air on Earth

Combustion/Burning of fossil fuels puts Nitrogen in the atmosphere. Nitrogen in Air Combustion/Burning of fossil fuels puts Nitrogen in the atmosphere. Combustion/Burning Denitrification (bacteria releasing N into the air) Bacteria in the soil will break down compounds in the soil- use the oxygen, but release nitrogen into the air. BIOTIC TO ABIOTIC

3 minutes Nitrogen in Air Combustion/Burning Denitrification (bacteria releasing N into the air)

Primary consumers ingest nitrogen when they eat from autotrophs Nitrogen is in Air Higher-level consumers ingest nitrogen when they eat other heterotrophs. Nitrogen Fixation: Nitrogen cannot be directly absorbed into plants from the air, but plants NEED nitrogen. Nitrogen from the atmosphere is absorbed into bacteria in the soil and CONVERTED (or FIXED) into a form that plant roots can absorb and use. ABIOTIC TO BIOTIC Primary consumers ingest nitrogen when they eat from autotrophs Nitrogen Fixation (Bacteria converting N from the air so that plants can use it) Consumption

3 minutes Nitrogen is in Air Nitrogen Fixation (Bacteria converting N from the air so that plants can use it) Consumption

Nitrogen found in ammonia is absorbed into the soil during urination. Nitrogen is in Air Urination Nitrogen found in ammonia is absorbed into the soil during urination.

Nitrogen in Air Urination Decomposition Absorption Acid Rain As decomposers break down plants and animals, nitrogen is recycled into the soil.

Nitrogen in Air Urination Decomposition Absorption Acid Rain 3 minutes

Ways that Nitrogen enters the atmosphere…. FROM ABIOTIC FACTORS FROM BIOTIC FACTORS 1. Combustion/Burning of Fossil Fuels From Bacteria in the Soil (Denitrification) This occurs when bacteria living in the soil aren’t getting enough oxygen, so they break down compounds in the soil- use up the oxygen, and disperse any Nitrogen from the compound into the atmosphere as a waste product.

Ways that Nitrogen enters BIOTIC FACTORS…. 1. Nitrogen Fixation 2. Consumption Plants cannot use the nitrogen in the air, so bacteria in the soil have to absorb it and then CONVERT it to ammonia and nitrates so plants can use it. Lightening striking the ground also does this for plants.

How Nitrogen enters SOIL 1. Death and Decomposition 2. Urine 3. Absorption 4. Acid Rain

Closing Students write a paragraph about their trip through the nitrogen cycle. Include information about (1) where they went, and (2) how they got to each destination. How many stops can you make on your trip? Will your journey ever end? Was everyone’s journey the same? Why not? What would happen if a farmer used too much fertilizer? (In this game, that would mean that everyone started from the fertilizer station at the same time.) What would happen if we burnt too many fossil fuels?