War in Europe and Africa U.S., Britain, Russia and 23 other Allies vow to defeat Axis powers. Germans occupied most of Europe and N. Africa while Japan was conquering Pacific Allies begin attack against Erwin Rommel “Desert Fox” in African desert Allies win and keep Suez Canal Dwight D. Eisenhower was turned back in Tunisia and General George Patton drove the Germans out of Africa

War in Europe and Africa Allies take Sicily in summer of 1943 Benito Mussolini was overthrown Allies after months of fighting at Anzio, liberate Rome in June of 1944 Air war launched against Germany in 1942 Germany bombed day and night inflicting damage and casualties 30,000 died but Germany pressed on

War in Europe and Africa Soviets and Germans continued to fight on Eastern Front Leningrad was under siege for nearly 900 days People ate horses, cats and dogs Bread with wallpaper paste Thousands die Germans almost take Moscow Germans took Stalingrad but were surrounded and surrendered in February of 1943. Germans were driven back out of Russia

War in Africa and Europe June 6, 1944 D-Day – invasion at Normandy, France August 25, 1944 Paris was liberated Germans fought hard at the Battle of the Bulge Berlin was surrounded May 8 V-E day Hitler commits suicide April 12, 1945 Roosevelt dies Harry S. Truman becomes President

The Holocaust Final Solution – Jews Genocide – wiping out an entire group of people Jews rounded up, shot and thrown in massive graves Railroad cars to concentration camps- prison camps for civilians Shaved, tattooed with little to eat Thousands killed each day in gas chambers Bodies put in ovens Auschwitz and over 6 million killed Poles, Gypsies and handicapped killed Holocaust museum

The Pacific Front Japanese also attacked Phillippine, Wake and Guam bases Douglas MacArthur led US troops who retreated to Bataan Peninsula and Corregidor in Phillippines Bataan Death March 60 miles 22,000 of 76,000 died on way to prison camp after surrender MacArthur leaves to command all troops in Pacific saying “I shall return.”

The Pacific Front James Doolittle leads bombing run on Tokyo that lifted American spirits Battle of the Coral Sea halted the Japanese advance to Australia Battle of Midway was 1st Japanese defeat costing 100s of planes and 4 carriers Island hopping – capturing islands and using them as bases to capture more 7 month battle for Guadalcanal won by Americans Capture of Guam gave U.S. bases to bomb Japan

The Pacific Front Battle of Leyte Gulf – 282 ships – most of Japanese fleet destroyed March 1945 Okinawa and Iwo Jima taken as thousands die and thousands are injured Japan was pounded by bombers Kamikazes – suicide pilots – planes loaded with explosives crashed into ships

The Pacific Front The Atomic Bomb Einstein warns of German development of bomb in 1939 Manhattan Project – top secret – tested bomb in New Mexico in July of 1945 Potsdam Declaration warns Japan to surrender August 6, 1945, Enola Gay drops bomb on Hiroshima 70,000 dead 3 days later Nagasaki with 40,000 dead 1,000s more die from injuries and radiation

The War Ends August 15, 1945 V-J Day September 2, 1945 Japan surrenders on U.S.S. Missouri Nuremberg and Japanese war crimes trials 40 million people die Half of dead are civilians 322,000 Americans killed and 800,000 injured 20 million Russians killed Colonies seek independence