Transportation and Traffic Engineering Ch 1 Introduction 10/10/2017 PHILADELPHIA UNIVERSITY Faculty of Engineering. Department of Civil Engineering. Transportation and Traffic Engineering Ch 1 Introduction 10/10/2017

Introduction Traffic & Highway Engineering : Ch 1 & 2 8/3/2015 Introduction Traffic & Highway Engineering : Ch 1 & 2 ( Fourth Edition, Nicholas J. Garber Lester A. Hoel ) 7/22/2018 Transportation & Traffic Eng.

Transportation Transportation: Movement of people and goods 7/22/2018

IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORTATION The speed, Cost, Capacity of transportation have a significant impact on economic vitality, and to make maximum use of its natural resources. Transportation level is an index of economy and development. Good transportation provides many benefits to society ( socially, politically,..) in addition to its role in economic development. Environmental effects of transportation include noise, air and water pollution, climate effects,.. 7/22/2018

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Transportation Demand Transportation demand is directly related to land-use patterns and available transportation system and facilities. Transportation planners and traffic engineers attempt to provide capacity for observed or predict travel demand by building transportation Systems. 9 7/22/2018 8/3/2015

The Nature of Transportation Demand 8/3/2015 The Nature of Transportation Demand The effect of land use on transportation demand is not necessarily a one-way effect but is rather a part of cycle in which land use changes transportation needs which in turn change land use. 10 8/3/2015 7/22/2018 Transportation & Traffic Eng.

Mobility Vs Accessibility Mobility: the ability to readily move people or goods from place to another. Accessibility: the ability to gain entry to a particular site or area. 7/22/2018

People & Goods OR Vehicles? The most common unit used by traffic engineer is “vehicles”. Highway system are planned, designed and operated to move vehicles safety and efficiently from place to place. The movement of vehicles is not the objective; the goal is the movement of the people and goods that occupy vehicles. 7/22/2018

Transportation Engineering 8/3/2015 Transportation Engineering Transportation Engineering is a branch of the engineering that deals with planning, functional design, operation & management of various transportation systems and their components, to achieve a safe, comfortable, efficient, convenient , economical and environmentally compatible movement of people and goods. هندسة النقل هي عبارة عن تطبيق المبادئ العلمية و التكنولوجيا في تخطيط وتصميم و تشغيل و إدارة أي من منشاّت المواصلات بطريقة آمنه ، مريحة ,فعالة ، ملائمة، اقتصادية ، و صديقة للبيئة لنقل الناس و البضائع وهي فرع رئيسي من فروع الهندسة المدنية . 7/22/2018 Transportation & Traffic Eng.

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Modes of Transportation: 1. Highway Transportation (cars) 2. Rail Transportation (trains) 3. Air Transportation (airplanes): Domestic , International 4. Water Transportation (ships): inland, ocean 5. pipeline Transportation (oil, gas, water…) 7/22/2018

Traffic Engineering Traffic engineering: is that phase of transportation engineering which deals with the planning, geometric design and traffic operations of roads, streets and highways, their networks, terminals, abutting lands and relationships with other modes of transportation. هندسة المرور: وهي فرع من فروع هندسة النقل تبحث في تخطيط الطرق والتصميم الهندسي لها والتشغيل المروري للطرق وشبكاتها واستخدام الأراضي المحيطة وتبحث أيضا في علاقة هندسة المرور مع باقي أشكال النقل. 7/22/2018

Physical elements of the transportation system: 1. Links or Path (highways, waterways, railways, etc…) 2. Terminals ( airports, train stations, etc...) 3. Vehicles (automobiles, trains, air planes, ships,…) 4. Control System. 7/22/2018

System Approach to Problem Solving: 1. Identifying the problem 2. Defining goals and objectives in solving the Problem. 3. Searching for alternative methods of meeting the requirement 4. Choosing & developing the best alternative 5. Implementing its operation 7/22/2018

The Profession of Transportation Engineering 7/22/2018

Transportation Planning Transportation planning deals with the selection of projects for design and construction. Concerned with the development of a functional and economical highway network to provide for present and future needs. 7/22/2018

Transportation Design Involves the specification of features that comprise the transportation facility in accord with appropriate criteria and mathematical relationships. 7/22/2018

Transportation Construction Involves all aspects of the building process. •The sector of construction engaged in building and rebuilding facilities for rail, motor-vehicle, water, air, and pipeline transportation. It also encompasses the construction of pavements, bridges, tunnels, subways, canals, natural-gas pipelines, terminals, depots, and maintenance and service buildings. 7/22/2018

Transportation Operations & Management Involves the control of vehicles in real time to ensure that they are traveling in paths that are secure from interference with other vehicles or pedestrians. 7/22/2018

Transportation Infrastructure Maintenance Involves the process of assuring that the nation's transportation system remains in excellent working condition. 7/22/2018

Elements of Traffic Engineering • Traffic studies and characteristics. • Performance evaluation. • Facility design. • Traffic control. • Transportation systems management. • Intelligent transportation system technologies (ITS). 7/22/2018

Traffic Studies & Characteristics Involve measuring and quantifying various aspect of highway traffic. Studies focus on data collection and analysis, including traffic volumes and demands, speed and travel time, delay, accidents, origins and destinations. 7/22/2018

Performance Evaluation Is a means by which traffic engineers can rate the operating characteristics of individual sections of facilities and facilities as a whole in relative terms. Such evaluation relies on measures of performance quality and is often stated in terms of “levels of service.” (LOS) 7/22/2018

Facility Design Involves traffic engineers in the functional and geometric design of highways and other traffic facilities. Traffic engineers, are not involved in the structural design of highway facilities but should have some appreciation for structural characteristics of their facilities. 7/22/2018

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Traffic Control Is a central function of traffic engineers and involves the establishment of traffic regulations and their communication to the driver through the use of traffic control devices, such as signs, markings, and signals. 7/22/2018

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Transportation System Management TSM Optimizing system capacity and operations. 7/22/2018

Intelligent Transportation System ITS The application of modern telecommunications technology to the operation and control of transportation systems. Such automated highways, automated toll-collection systems, in-vehicle GPS and mapping systems, smart control devices, and others. 7/22/2018

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Advanced Traffic Management Systems Handle responses to accident conditions Zoom in and out surveillance video cameras for accident/incident detection Determine regulations based on dynamic traffic information Photo from the Human-Computer Interaction Lab: University of Maryland 7/22/2018