Seeking Political Solutions

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Presentation transcript:

Seeking Political Solutions Road to Confederation Seeking Political Solutions

The “Great Coalition” Division between Canada West and Canada East AND ALSO among members of each assembly Canada West: Clear Grits (George Brown) vs. Liberal-Conservatives (John A. Macdonald) Canada East: Parti Bleu (George-Etienne Cartier) vs. Parti Rouge (Antoine-Aime Dorion)

Biggest rival: George Brown 1858-1862: Macdonald and Cartier were co- premiers of Canada; still political deadlock Biggest rival: George Brown Yet, all three agreed to put differences aside for the Great Coalition – goal to create a union of all the BNA colonies John A. Macdonald George Brown George Etienne Cartier

Movement for Maritime Union Needed Atlantic colonies to be on board Worried: small population would mean little influence on united parliament; felt distant and isolated 1864: enthusiasm for Maritime Union instead: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and PEI

The Charlottetown Conference September 1864 – to discuss Maritime Union Representatives from Canada were invited – spoke first Atlantic colonists were impressed Canadian reps promised: better defence against Americans; centralized government to share debt Maritime Union idea dropped

The Quebec Conference October 1864 – 33 delegates came to discuss details of a confederation of the colonies Created a constitution based on ideas from Charlottetown Conference

Constitution for Canada Agreed Keep ties to Britain Close links to British Constitution Federation – more than one level of government – federal (national) and provincial (regional) Central gov’t to have House of Commons and a Senate Disagreed About how power would be shared between two levels of government Colonies reached an agreement with seventy-two resolutions on how the new country would be run. They still had to get support from each colony. Senate – studies, changes, rejects or approves bills passed by the House of Commons; can intro own bills (but not those which spend taxpayers’ money); no bill a law until passed in Senate; has 105 members, appointed by Governor General on recommendation of Prime Minister House of Commons – members devote time to debate and voting on bills; discuss national issues; call on government to explain actions; members are elected; seats in House (308) are distributed roughly in proportion to the population of each province and territory

Structure of Canadian Government - Senate studies, changes, rejects or approves bills passed by the House of Commons can intro own bills (but not those which spend taxpayers’ money) no bill is a law until passed in Senate has 105 members, appointed by Governor General on recommendation of Prime Minister

House of Commons members devote time to debate and voting on bills discuss national issues call on government to explain actions members are elected seats in House (308) are distributed roughly in proportion to the population of each province and territory