Integrated Approaches Across Focal Areas Need for GEF to demonstrate sustainable outcomes in addressing global environmental issues across 6 focal areas. Biosphere—issues are related (at global and local levels) We need to indentify links between focal area programs and capture synergies to make interventions: cost effective achieve critical mass More sustainable

However… There is no systematic approach to incorporating interlinkages in GEF Project (or Program) design Current levels of coordination across the GEF Portfolio within a geographic region (both within and between IAs) are weak, undermining achievement of critical mass Thematic silos within GEF and IA programs/investment portfolios undermines integration into strategic development plans and sustainability of project level interventions

Actions Develop a design tool to help incorporate linkages between focal areas at program level, to break down silos at project level to hard wire linkages into project design (see STAP tool) Improve coordination of GEF projects across focal areas within a geographic region where potential synergies and value added are high Capture these synergies in policy reform and governance arrangements to solidify links, improve outcomes and enhance sustainability.

STAP Design Tool Apply a checklist in early stages of a project development designed to minimise negative effects and maximize positive effects of a project in one focal area on another Example: Ecosystem management in semi-arid lands Positive effects on other focal areas: CC: Increased carbon storage if project is successful Reduced wind erosion can lead to decreased dust storms if large areas are planted IW: Decreased sediment flow Decreased fluctuations in seasonal flows and water erosion Increased productivity of aquatic biota

Panel Discussion IW & B linkages: Conservation and Sustainable Use of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System IW & LD linkages: Reversing Land Degradation in the Upper Saban Yegua Project IW and POPs: DDT Alternatives in Central America IW & Climate Change: Global Coral Reef Targeted Research and Capacity Building for Management Project

“Coral Reef Targeted Research and Capacity Building for Management” GEF/WB TR Project in support of Science-based Management and Policy Working Group on Bleaching and Climate Change

Four components Adaptive responses MECHANISMS OF THERMAL STRESS ECOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND OUTCOMES BIOINDICATORS OF CORAL STRESS How fast and where is change occurring? What is changing? FUTURE CHANGE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS Adaptive responses

Recovery Recovery Modulating factors Cell Organism Community Coral and symbiont tissue growth Altered coral and dinoflagellate community composition Photosynthesis Reproduction and recruitment Phase shift from coral domination Calcification Coral net photosynthesis Reef morphology (habitat complexity) Host respiration Skeleton Growth Reef accretion or erosion rate Thermal stress Dinoflagellate respiration Colony integration Disease epidemics Mortality Nutrient cycling (N,P, org/inorg) Disease susceptibility Acute Loss of Symbionts (BLEACHING) Reef metabolism (oxygen, carbon balance) Modulating factors Genetic factors PAR UVR Nutrients CO2 and alkalinity Feeding Environmental history DNA damage susceptibility Symbiotic integration Dinoflagellate Symbiont Genotype change Resistance to other anthropogenic disturbances Changed predation risk, competitive ability Changed geographic distribution

Critical for planning responses and adaptation strategies Economic/Social Tourism Fisheries Why are we doing this? Need to develop understanding of drivers in order to be able to develop more accurate future scenarios Critical for planning responses and adaptation strategies