Chapter 20 Section 3 Labor and Management pgs. 543-548 Essential Question: How have labor unions effected American businesses practices?

The Rise of Factories The Industrial Revolution changed the way products were made and how people worked Machines were invented to manufacture goods faster and more cheaply than human workers Businesses built factories to house their machines and workers How did employment in the United States change from the country’s early days to the early 1800s? In the early days, people were self-employed, but in the 1800s, the rise of factories led people to get factory jobs outside the home

The Rise of Factories Harsh conditions 6 day work weeks 12-16hr days Dangerous machinery Why do you think some workers tolerated poor working conditions in factories?

The Rise of Labor Unions Labor unions- organizations of workers formed to improve workers’ wages and working conditions

Collective Bargaining Workers would demand better wages and working conditions Collective bargaining- union leaders and employer representatives meet to reach an agreement on an issue This usually involves a compromise

Methods Used by Labor Strike- labor union members walk off a job if employers do not agree to union demands Picketing- marching in front of one’s workplace, often with signs, to encourage other workers not to work Sit-down strike- workers occupy the factory, but refuse to work Job action- work slowdown or action short of a strike What did poor working conditions and low wages cause workers to do?

Methods Used by Employers Would blacklist members of unions so they couldn’t find work Use armed guards and even the police and state militias to deter strikers What methods did employers use to fight unions?

Labor Laws National strikes threatened the country’s economy The first president to support labor unions was Theodore Roosevelt

Congress Acts Congress began passing labor laws to: regulate unions , labor negotiations, and strikes Prevent employers from using unfair practices

National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) A.k.a. the Wagner Act Guarantees the right of workers to organize and bargain collectively through representatives

Labor-Management Relations Act A.k.a the Taft-Hartley Act Allows the president to have the labor union delay a strike for up to 80 days to protect national welfare How does the Taft-Hartley Act protect the national welfare? Do you think labor laws have affected labor relations? They have improved relations by regulating unions more and creating the NLRB to oversee them

Settling Disputes Mediation- method of settling labor disputes in which an expert on labor relations examines an issue and recommends a solution Arbitration- labor expert’s decision on a labor issue is binding on both sides What are the similarities and differences between mediation and arbitration? In mediation, a labor expert recommends a solution to a labor dispute but the sides do not have to accept it. In arbitration, a labor expert also makes a recommendation, but in this case it is binding on both sides At what times do you think labor and management would use an arbitrator over a mediator? When they have a major disagreement that neither side wants to budge on and they want a decision that they both have o accept