Pragmatic Domains Communicative functions Discourse management Intents Frequency Discourse management Turns topics Register variation Politeness Social roles Presupposition Grice’s maxim of Quantity ‘mind-reading’

Communication Development: Preverbal Use Perlocutionary: 0-8 mo. No intentions Intentions attributed Illocutionary: 8-12 mo. Early intents expressed: Proto-imperative Expressed with Gaze Gestures vocalizations Locutionary: 12-18 mo. Same intents expressed Words and jargon co-exist

Pragmatic Development: 18-24 mo. New discourse-related communicative functions: Answer Acknowledge Add new information Discourse management Turns: increasing awareness of conversational obligation Topics: 1-2 turns/topic Register variation Politeness: please, whining Talk differently to mom than dad Presupposition Very little Add clip or word combos

Communication Development: 24-36 mo. Use Child is more reliable at responding to conversational obligations New discourse intents include pretending, narrating, More flexible forms are used to achieve politeness, indirect requests Topics can be maintained for longer Turn-taking and topic shifting become more independent Beginning ability to repair conversations

Pragmatic Development: School Age Communicative functions Increase in range of functions Narration Persuasion/negotiation Increase in decontextualized talk Discourse management Requires less support from adults; still needs some Longer turns; more turns/topic Increased topic maintenance, fewer unrelated utterances Smooth transitions Decline in abrupt shifts Greater coherence

Pragmatic Development: School Age, con’t. Register variation New polite forms: permission requests, permission directives, some indirect requests 4-7: hints Ability to use ‘motherese’ Language of power, social negotiation Presupposition attending to listener needs informativeness

Pragmatic Development in Later Childhood and Adolescence Discourse Genres Narration Persuasion/negotiation Exposition Ambiguity/sarcasm Register variation Slang Figurative language Presupposition Cohesive devices

Pragmatic Development in Adolescence: Discourse Management Stay on topic longer Has extended dialogues Makes greater number of relevant, factual, new contributions to topic Shifts gracefully from one topic to another Adjusts the content and style of speech to thoughts and feelings of others.

Pragmatic Development in Adolescence: Persuasion Adjusts to listener characteristics (e.g., social status, familiarity States advantages to the listener as a reason to comply Anticipates and replies to counterarguments Uses positive strategies such as politeness and bargaining Gives up negative strategies such as whining and begging Generates a number and variety of arguments Controls discourse assertively