Telecommunications for the future - 3 Rob Parker CERN IT Division

Mobile (wireless) Wide area Local area Very short distance R. Parker - CERN

WIDE AREA WIRELESS R. Parker - CERN

Analogue Cellular Radio Bell technical proposals following a request from the FCC key objectives: large subscriber capacity efficient use of spectrum nation-wide compatibility widespread availability adaptability to traffic density service to vehicles and portable stations telephone quality of service affordability R. Parker - CERN

Analogue Cellular Radio Field trials in Chicago of Bell system Advance Mobile Phone System 1980+ widespread introduction around the world of analogue cellular systems loosely based on AMPS: Total Access Cellular System (TACS) 900 MHz derivative of AMPS Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) 450 & 900 MHz versions R. Parker - CERN

Basic Cellular Concept frequency re-use base station R. Parker - CERN

GSM history international roaming ISDN compatibility 1982 Groupe Speciale Mobile” set up by the CEPT to study a pan-European digital cellular system, with similar aims to the Bell study, plus: international roaming ISDN compatibility GSM renamed “Global System for Mobile communications” GSM Phase 1 recommendations published First operational GSM network GSM Phase 2 recommendations published 5.5 million subscribers in 60 countries 1996 GSM Phase 2+ recommendations published annually 270 million subscribers in Europe alone! R. Parker - CERN

GSM services above all, telephony data services circuit-switched connections up to 14.4 kbit/s access to PSTN (modems) and ISDN Group 3 fax Short Message Service (SMS) alphanumeric messages of up to 160 characters delivery confirmation possible Supplementary services call forwarding, call waiting, etc. R. Parker - CERN

GSM Radio Aspects frequency bands 900 MHz & 1800 MHz (except N. America & Japan) 1900 MHz (N. America) bands divided into 200 kHz carrier frequencies each carrier frequency is divided into 8 time slots, or channels TREND: cell sizes are getting smaller, to give higher capacity R. Parker - CERN

Enhancements to GSM (2.5G) HSCSD High-speed Circuit-Switched Data GPRS General Packet Radio Service EDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM evolution R. Parker - CERN

HSCSD uses GSM air interface uses GSM core network supports data rates up to 57.6 kbit/s R. Parker - CERN

GPRS uses GSM air interface new packet-switched core network supports data rates up to 171.2 kbit/s always connected simultaneous voice and data R. Parker - CERN

EDGE uses GSM air interface 8 PSK (eight-phase-shift keying) modulation allows up to 48 kbit/s per timeslot (so 384 kbit/s if all 8 timeslots in a 200 kHz channel are used) R. Parker - CERN

3G (Third generation) mobile officially known as IMT-2000 (IMT = International Mobile Telecommunications) frequencies: 1885-2025 MHz; 2110-2200 MHz (these are not universally allocated, in particular, not yet in the USA) R. Parker - CERN

3G data requirements circuit- and packet-switched data symmetric and asymmetric services data rates of: up to at least 144 kbit/s in a moving vehicle up to at least 384 kbit/s elsewhere up to 2 Mbit/s with low mobility in pico cells (eg. Indoor office) R. Parker - CERN

3G standards There are several standards for 3G, the most important of which are: UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service) CDMA2000 TD-CDMA R. Parker - CERN

LOCAL AREA WIRELESS (WIRELESS LAN) R. Parker - CERN

HIPERLAN 1 standardized by ETSI (EN 300 652) uses 5.15-5.30 GHz band data rates up to 20 Mbit/s channel access method: EY-NPMA Elimination Yield Non-pre-emptive Multiple Access R. Parker - CERN

HIPERLAN 2 standardized by ETSI IEEE 802.11a has only minor differences from HIPERLAN 2 uses 5.15-5.30 GHz data rates of 6, 9, 12, 18, 27, 36, & 54 Mbit/s two operating modes Centralized Direct mandatory Forward Error Correction R. Parker - CERN

IEEE 802.11b standardized by IEEE uses the unlicensed 2.4 GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific, & Medical band) data rates: 1, 2, 5.5, & 11 Mbit/s different transmission powers in N. America and Europe security Access Points can be programmed with a list of allowable MAC addresses optional RSA encryption (40-bit key) R. Parker - CERN

IEEE 802.11b Spread Sprectrum Two options for spread spectrum operation FH (Frequency Hopping) high user density, harsh environment DS (Direct Sequence) 10BASE-T Ethernet rates, indoor & outdoor These are fundamentally different, and will not interoperate with one another R. Parker - CERN

IEEE 802.b Operating Modes Infrastructure Ad hoc also called Basic Service Set (BSS) at least one Access Point is connected to the cabled network infrastructure; wireless stations have network access Ad hoc also called Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS) a set of wireless stations that communicate only among themselves R. Parker - CERN

Wireless Local Loop (WLL) useful for areas where ADSL does not, or cannot, reach can provide a competitive solution so standard yet in place Proprietary standards IEEE 802.11b Later, HIPERLAN 2 R. Parker - CERN

VERY SHORT RANGE WIRELESS R. Parker - CERN

Bluetooth A short-range radio system intended to provide cable-replacement links between devices such as: laptops printers mobile phones PDAs headsets R. Parker - CERN

Bluetooth characteristics uses the unlicensed 2.4 GHz ISM uses frequency hopping: 1600 hops per second 1 Mbit/s link speed two link types can be established: SCO (Synchronous Connection Oriented) typically for voice ACL (Asynchronous Connection less) typically for data R. Parker - CERN

Other Bluetooth features low cost low power consumption low complexity can handle rapidly changing environment can discover services within range R. Parker - CERN