1. Emerging Wireless Standards Matthew C. Valenti Assistant Professor Lane Dept. of CSEE YAS Broadband Seminar Sept. 7, 2001

2. The Internet Revolution

3. The Wireless Revolution 0.1 10 1000 1983198619891992199519982001 2004 100 Millions of Subscribers 1 Wireless subscribers (cellular and PCS) Wireline access lines 1 st generation 2 nd generation 3 rd generation wireless growth in US alone Source: wirelessdata.org Sept. 6, 2001 121million

4. How Ubiquitous is Wireless? from The New Yorker, Oct. 16, 2000.

5. The Wireless Internet: The Next Big Thing Number of IP enabled computers and devices worldwide Source: eTforecasts.com press release (Feb. 2001)

6. Two Forces Driving the Wireless Internet The cellular industry Wide area coverage. Global roaming. Mobile users at vehicular speeds. Subscription-based. Licensed bands. The wireless LAN industry Local coverage. No handoff or roaming. Fixed users. Revenue through equipment sales. Unlicensed bands. The Wireless Internet

7. Evolution of the Cell Phone Two co-existent 3-G cellular standards:  Wideband CDMA  Also called UMTS, UTRA, IMT-2000.  Standardized by 3GPP.  Evolution of the GSM backbone.  cdma2000  Standardized by 3GPP2.  Evolved from IS-95 CDMA (cdmaONE). Common traits:  2 GHz PCS band (licensed).  Variable asymmetric data rates for multimedia:  ~144 kbps to vehicles.  ~ 2 Mbps to fixed locations near base station.  Software-defined-radio (SDR) implementation.

8. While Waiting for 3G… 3G won’t be deployed until after 2003. Some temporary “2.5G” solutions:  GPRS  General Packet Radio Service.  171.2 kbps over 200 kHz GSM carrier.  EDGE  Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution.  500 kbps data over 200kHz GSM carrier.  WAP  Wireless Application Protocol.  Method for delivering WWW-like service to cell phones.  Uses WML rather than HTML.

9. The Problem with WAP from The New Yorker, May 21, 2001.

10. Wireless Networking Hierarchy LAN: IEEE 802.11 & HIPERLAN PAN: Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15 MAN: IEEE 802.16

11. Standardization of Wireless Networks Wireless networks are standardized by IEEE. Under 802 LAN MAN standards committee. Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical ISO OSI 7-layer model Logical Link Control Medium Access (MAC) Physical (PHY) IEEE 802 standards

12. IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs Key features of MAC:  Infrastructure or ad-hoc network.  Coordinated (PCF) or distributed (DCF) operation.  DCF uses CSMA/CA. PHY defines data rate and operating band:  Infrared at 1 or 2 Mbps.  RF at 1 or 2 Mbps in using FH or DS 2.4 GHZ ISM band.  802.11b amendment  5.5 or 11 Mbps using DS and CCK in 2.4 GHz band.  802.11a amendment  6-54 Mbps using COFDM in 5-6 GHz U-NII band. IEEE 802.11 can also be used for broadband access.

13. IEEE 802.16 Wireless MAN Working group on broadband wireless access  Focus on providing access to small/medium business and residential opportunities.  Early stages of development. Task 1  PHY for the 10-66 GHz licensed bands.  LMDS band: 500 Mbps in 28-31 GHz band. Task 2  Coexistence of fixed broadband wireless. Task 3  PHY & MAC for 2-11 GHz MMDS licensed bands. Task 4  Fixed broadband version of 802.11a.

14. Bluetooth Bluetooth SIG formed in 1998 by Ericsson, Nokia, IBM, Toshiba, and Intel. Design goals:  Inexpensive: $5 single chip solution.  Short range: 10 m or less.  Low data rate: < 720 kbps.  Peer-to-peer and ad-hoc networking.  Data (ACL) and voice (SCO) support. Technology:  2.4 GHz ISM band.  79 channels of 1 MHz each.  Frequency Hopping at 1600 hops/sec.  Nonorthogonal binary GFSK modulation.

15. Throughput of Bluetooth 5101520 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 E s /N o in dB Data Rate in kbps DH5 DH3 DH1 DM5 DM3 DM1

16. Bluetooth Profiles Hands-free headset. Cordless telephone. Synchronization of PDA, cell phone, computer. Serial port emulation. Wearable computing. Wireless LAN access. Ad-hoc network. Peripherals: Printer, scanner, fax machine.

17. Piconets and Scatternets master slave piconet 1 piconet 2

18. IEEE 802.15 Wireless PAN Standardization began in 1997 under the Ad Hoc Wearables Standards Committee. Same goals and constraints as Bluetooth:  2.4 GHz band, 10 m. range, inexpensive. Task 1  Standard almost identical to Bluetooth. Task 2  Coexistence of wireless LANs and PANs. Task 3  20 Mbps High-rate PAN similar to Bluetooth 2. Task 4  Low rate 2-200 kbps PAN with extremely low power consumption for perpetual sensors.

19. Research at WVU 3-G cellular  Baseband processing software used in 3-G basestations. Bluetooth and wireless PANs  Analysis of QoS.  Extending range & coverage area by custom error control coding (joint with Virginia Tech). Wireless networking  Coordinated processing of signals among access points (macrodiversity). Wireless Broadband access  Space-time coding: Coded waveforms for antenna arrays. Devices  Designing an IC to handle RF front end for both Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11 (with Dr. Das).