Reasons for Colonization Would you go? WHY??? WHY NOT???

England and Spain Go to War Reformation Mercantilism Spanish Armada

1. Protestant Reformation In Europe, Protestant churches began to break from the Catholic Church Remember Martin Luther? 95 Theses

The English Protestant Reformation In England, King Henry VIII broke from the Catholic Church creating the Anglican Church Eventually, “Puritans” in England would want to reform the church more and would move to America What is a Puritan? Group that wanted to eliminate all traces of the Catholic Church from England England became Protestant and Spain remained Catholic

2. Mercantilism Mercantilism- idea that a country’s power came from having gold and silver (wealth) Countries needed to sell more (exports) to other countries than they bought (imports), funneling money into a country Countries wanted to be self-sufficient Countries formed colonies around the world to get resources

Mercantilism Spain and England competed for gold & silver England sought to form colonies in North America to compete with Spain

Fall of the Spanish Armada Spain and England to go to war in the 1580s. In 1588, England destroyed the Spanish Armada (naval fleet) Consequences: Spain could no longer use its military to keep England from creating colonies the “New World” England began to colonize in America

Three major factors led the English to colonize in America: Rivalry with Spain- England saw Spain gaining wealth, land, and Catholic influence and wanted to compete Religious- Puritans, Catholics, and Quakers left England to escape religious persecution from the Anglican Church Economic- many people left England in search of economic opportunity

Political, Social & Economic

Early English Attempts to Settle Early attempts to colonize before the fall of the Spanish Armada failed Sir Walter Raleigh brought settlers to America twice, founding the colony of Virginia Both settlements failed, with the second colony mysteriously disappearing (the “Lost Colony”)

The Southern (Chesapeake) Colonies Joint-stock company- like a modern day corporation, investors pooled their money together to pay for large projects Virginia Company- got permission from King James I to settle in Virginia In the charter (permission), members of the Virginia company were promised the rights of Englishmen Why important? The American Revolution happened partially because colonists felt the English government ignored their rights

Jamestown Jamestown- formed in 1607, first permanent English settlement in America First leader- Captain John Smith Early troubles- Many colonists focused on finding gold instead of hunting or growing food Why? To make money for the Virginia Company Powhatan Confederacy- Smith traded for food with these neighboring Indians to survive and had a good relationship

Why did the Jamestown colonists and the Powhatan Indians get along well at first?

Crisis Hits Jamestown Jamestown Growth- Over 400 settlers arrived within the next two years The “Starving Time”- Food production could not keep up with settlement Settlers stole food from the Powhatan natives, who responded by cutting off trade and attacking settlers Winter 1609-1610- Food shortages led to eating dogs, rats, and human corpses

Jamestown Saved Money troubles- Virginia needed to make money to survive, but had not found gold John Rolfe- developed a breed of tobacco, saving Virginia House of Burgesses- In 1619,Virginia created the House of Burgesses, the first representative government in America Labor shortages- Virginia needed labor to work the booming tobacco fields

Settlement and Labor Headright system- to encourage settlement, Virginia Company gave 50 acres of land for every servant a colonist brought Indentured servants- servants who agreed to work 4-7 years for someone in exchange for transportation to America Africans- in 1619, the first African slaves were brought to Virginia

Triangular Trade The Middle Passage

Thinking Like a Historian How did people experience the Middle Passage? http://americanhistory.si.edu/onthewater/oral_histories/life_at_sea/assets/audio/equiano.mp3 Olaudah Equiano’s first-person account recalls his terrifying journey as an 11-year-old captive aboard a slave ship from Africa to Barbados in 1756. SHEG primary source analysis

Trouble with Native Americans Powhatan attacked Jamestown The English government blamed Virginia Company and took away its charter Royal colony- Virginia became a royal colony, meaning it was run by a governor appointed by the king

Maryland Settled Proprietary colony- a colony owned by an individual, not run by the English government Maryland- Maryland (1632) was settled as a proprietary by Lord Baltimore to be a safe refuge for Catholics

Maryland Religion in Maryland- though Catholics were in charge, they were still outnumbered by Protestants Toleration Act in 1649- to keep tension down, this act allowed any kind of Christianity but outlawed other religions Tobacco- Maryland, like Virginia, started making money by growing tobacco

http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2aqkyk America the story of Us Jamestown & Plymouth 17 mins