Measuring Exclusion of LGBTI people in Croatia and beyond Preliminary research findings Amarildo Fecanji, ERA and Dominik Koehler, World Bank

Research goals and objectives Very little robust, quantitative data on differential development experiences and outcomes of LGBTI people. Anecdotal evidence suggests: “LGBTI people are overrepresented in the bottom 40%” Data will help to inform policy reforms and the inclusion of LGBTI people worldwide. There is a huge gap in research and data on LGBTI people, especially in development worldwide, hindering the progress toward inclusion and more importantly achieving the SDGs. From the anecdotal evidence, we know LGBTI face a number of challenges and are likely over represented among the poor. With this research we are looking to test this hypothesis. We are looking to better understand who is poor and why they are poor. This is essential in order to create pro poor inclusive growth strategies. The research is primarily about poverty and the economic dimensions of exclusion and discrimination among one vulnerable groups, and with in that we focused on LGBTI people one of the most under researched groups. We acknowledge that this can be a difficult topic for many of our client countries and that we have to be sensitive in the ways we address it but we believe with research efforts like this we have found a practical way to do so.

Research Methodology Overview Regional: Replication of the European LGBT Survey implemented by the European Fundamental Rights Agency in 2012 Serbia: Implementing a version of the SILC with specific SOGI related questions Additionally: Two experimental studies examining the access of LGBTI people to housing and education Study conducted by: FRA in in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Kosovo, Montenegro and Slovenia  Not in Serbia due to concerns of multiple data collection efforts simultaneously In Serbia: Implementing one of the first efforts globally, to collect data about the living conditions and employment of LGBTI people that is comparable to the general population modeled after the Serbian Income and Living Condition survey SILC Two experimental studies: Access to education, specifically looking at at feminine/gay students in middle school

Demographics Total: 576 Largest data collection effort outside of the OECD (over 3,300 respondents), Serbia has by far the largest subset of data (1,015 respondents). Almost 150 Intersex respondents – one of the largest data sets in the World. Very young, urban sample and educated sample.

WHERE DO RESPONDENTS LIVE? AGE OF RESPONDENTS WHERE DO RESPONDENTS LIVE? Age: Gay: Older in our sample Bisexuals: are the youngest

Highest Level of Education?

Monthly net income pre household For 2013 according to Statistics office the income was on average 746EUR (with yesterdays exchange rate)

Public perceptions – Croatia For the 2012: Hatred: 42% very widespread; 48% fairly widespread; 8% fairly rare; 1% fairly rare Assaults: 22%; 52%; 20%; 2%

Discrimination – Croatia Personal experience of discrimination because of your LGBTI status (%) Sex 17% Y; 82% N Sexual Orientation: 60% Y; 35% N

Being out at work – Croatia Have you been open about your sexual orientation and/or gender identify and/or being intersex at work? 2012: 9% Always; 10% often; 27% rarely; 54% never

Discrimination at work regionally Respondents who felt discriminated against at work in the last 12 months when at work because of being LGBTI (%) From the 2012 FRA: EU average 19% For Croatia: 24% For Slovenia: 14%

FRA Do you think this physical/sexual assault or threat happened partly or completely because of your perceived sexual orientation and/or gender identity and/or being intersex? Those who experienced in the last 5 years physically/sexually assaulted or threatened with violence: EU Average in 2012: 57% Croatia: 65% Slovenia: 63%

Preliminary conclusion and next steps Significant differences in the experience of lesbian, gay and bisexual on the one hand and trans and intersex on the other hand. LGBTI people face discrimination and violence in all phases of life starting in the family, school, the job market and housing market to retirement. Discrimination and exclusion does have negative economic impacts. Compared to the 2012 good progress in some areas for Croatia. Next steps: Final report will be made available in July together with other dissemination materials such as a short video and fact sheets.

Questions? Thank you! Contact: Dominik Koehler Social Development Researcher and Project Coordinator dkohler@worldbank.org