Jayesh J Rana1, Prakash B Patel2, A B Pawar3, R K Bansal4 Socio-demographic Profile And Treatment Outcome Of Paediatric Tuberculosis Patients In Surat City Of Western India Jayesh J Rana1, Prakash B Patel2, A B Pawar3, R K Bansal4 1Resident doctor, 2Assistant Professor, 3Associate Professor, 4Professor and Head of Dept, Department of Community Medicine, SMIMER, Surat. INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide, especially in resource poor countries. The reported percentage of Tuberculosis cases occurring in children varies from 3% to 25%. Children are most likely to develop disease after infection and more likely extra-pulmonary and severe disseminated disease than adults. Fig 3: Distribution of patients according to presence of overcrowding, indoor air pollution, PEM OBJECTIVE: This study of paediatric TB cases was carried out to determine the socio-demographic profile, type of TB and treatment outcome which can help in understanding the groups that are vulnerable to the disease and also to know whether RNTCP regimen is effective in paediatric TB. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 paediatric TB patients from Tuberculosis units under Surat Municipal Corporation. All paediatric patients in the age group of 0 to 14 years diagnosed as TB and registered under RNTCP between Jan 2014 to Dec 2014 were included in the study. Data were collected after obtaining informed consent from the parents of children. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test and Fischer’s exact test. Fig 4: Distribution of patients according to grade of PEM according to IAP classification RESULTS Fig 1: Table 1: Distribution of patients according to age and gender(n=180) Table 1: Gender & age group wise distribution of patients with different types of Tuberculosis Table 2: Weight gain & Treatment outcome wise distribution of patients of different Gender Type of TB Extra Pulmo TB (%) (n=61) Pulmo TB (%) (n=119) P value* Gender Male 25 (41) 39 (32.8) >0.05 Female 36 (59) 80 (67.2) Age group (years) 0-5 13 (21.3) 58 (48.8) <0.05 5-14 48 (78.7) 61 (51.2)   Male (%) (n=64) Female (%) (n=116) P value Weight gain (kg) <3 50 (79.4) 85 (74.6) >0.05* >3 13 (20.6) 29 (25.4) Treatment outcome Treatment completed /cured 63 (98.4) 114 (98.3) >0.05# Death 1 (1.6) 2 (1.7) Maximum number of patients were in the age group of 1 to 5 years, followed by the age group of 11 to 14 years. Fig 2: Distribution of patients according to the Socio-economic status according to Kuppuswamy’s classification (n=180) (*χ2 Test is applied) (*χ2 Test , #Fischer’s Exact Test) More extra pulmonary TB cases were found in the age group of 5-14 years while pulmonary cases were more in the age group of 0-5 years. Also this difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Paediatric TB still continues to be a major problem in one to five years of age who are undernourished and belonging to low socio-economic status. Poor housing conditions continue to be an important risk factor for TB transmission. Improving the socio-economic conditions and proper treatment of adult TB who are the sources of infection to children will go a long way in preventing paediatric TB. Most of the patients belonged to upper lower and lower middle class.