WW1 beginning of European Colonialism European Imperialism continues in the Middle East from 1920s –WWI- for approximately three decades!!! During this time, nationalist movements grow!!

Hussein Ibn Ali Arab Nationalist who was deceived by the British during WWI

On May 19, 1916, Great Britain and France secretly reach an accord, the Sykes-Picot agreement. Sykes-Picot agreement, by which most of the Arab lands under the rule of the Ottoman Empire are to be divided into British and French spheres of influence with the conclusion of World War I.

European Mandate System overArab lands.

British Mandate in Palestine….creates future problems…

The Balfour Declaration (dated 2 November 1917) was a letter from the United Kingdom's Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour to Baron Rothschild (Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild), a leader of the British Jewish community, British also promised The Balfour Declaration of 1917 was the first significant declaration by a world power in favor of a Jewish "national home" in what was known as Palestine.

Jews migrate to Palestine after Holocaust

British- Arabs and Jewish people the same land!

Israel / Palestine: Arab / Jewish Population (1914-2005)

Arab resentment and anger at the British & Europeans for not living up to promise made during WWI! British promised the Jewish a homeland in Palestine, while indicating they would allow Arabs independence in Palestine! All of the Arab/African peoples are unhappy about European Colonialism & begin a Nationalism Movement & struggle against Europeans Dominance/ Imperialism.!!!

When & How did European Mandate system end? 1- Arab Nationalism; revolts and rebellions 2- World War II weaken the European Powers

French Colonization of Algeria was the most brutal and lasted the longest- 1848-1962

Independence Leader against France in Algeria Ahmed Ben Bella Independence Leader against France in Algeria Ben Bella becomes the first Algerian President with independence in 1962.

A colonel in the Egyptian army, Nasser led the Egyptian Revolution in 1952 along with Muhammad Naguib , the first president, which overthrew the monarchy of Egypt and heralded a new period of modernization, and socialist reform in Egypt together with a profound advancement of pan- Arab Nationalism. Under his leadership, Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal Company \and came to play a central role in anti-imperial effort. Gamal Nasser in Egypt Nasser led the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 & becomes the 1st President of Egypt.

Prince Faysal was an Arab nationalist since WWI. Third son of Hussein ibn Ali.

Hussein Ibn Ali Sons- became King of Jordan & Iraq King Faisal of Iraq Abdullah 1st of Jordan King of Iraq from 1921-33

After decades of revolution Independence of Middle Eastern Countries After WWII is usually the date associated with end of colonial rule in Middle East.

After the British leave Palestine Partitioned into two states Jewish State and Arab State