Today’s Agenda: 4/3/14 Unit 5: What skills are necessary to be a Laboratory Assistant? Using a microscope Obtaining/examining a cultural specimen Spun HCT test Hgb & Leukocyte test  ABO Test Glucose Testing Urinalysis Testing Students will complete DCE. TO: How do you perform a urinalysis test and what can the results tell you? Students will perform LAS Lab #5: Urinalysis Test

Daily Cerebral Exercise: write the question and answer Differentiate between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. List three symptoms for each of the following: diabetes, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia. What is the most accurate test for testing blood glucose.

Urine Testing Abnormal urine test are often first indication of a dz. Urinalysis: exam of urine c 3 main parts 1. Physical – observation of color/odor/transparency/ & specific gravity. 2. Chemical – check pH, protein, glucose, blood 3. Microscopic – formed elements For most accurate results should be performed on fresh, warm urine; c/in 1 hour after collected.

Using Reagent Strips to Test Urine Frequently used as a screening test. Most common method of testing for the presence or absence of substances. Strips must be stored in dry/cool/dark area Adhere to expiration date Strips can test for a variety of factors.

Reagent Strips test for: pH – acidity or alkalinity; measured on scale of 1 – 14. 1 – 6 = acidic 7 = neutral 8 – 14 = alkaline Normal urine = 5.5 to 8.0 Protein – not normally found in urine, may indicate kidney dz

Reagent Strips test for: Glucose – metabolized for E-; if bld glucose is high it will be eliminated in urine (glycosuria) Can indicate diabetes mellitus Ketones & acetones – end products of metabolism of fat in body; presence can indicate diabetes, starvation, dieting.

Reagent Strips test for: Blood – if present hematuria; sometimes positive when menstruating; indicate injury, infection, or kidney dz. Bilirubin – breakdown product of hemoglobin on RBC; usually eliminated thru intestines; indicate liver dz like hepatitis Urobilinogen – bilirubin converted by intestinal bacteria; usually eliminated thru intestines; large amounts indicate heart/spleen/liver or hemolytic dz.

LAS #7 Urinalysis Test: Lab #5 (Write above as title in Lab Ntbk, proced. below) 9. Hold strip horizontal near chart on bottle. Note the time bc readings are done in period of seconds. Start at center of strip with readings. Recheck all readings using a second reagent strip for accuracy. Discard strip and any contaminated disposable supplies. Pour urine in toliet. Disinfect counter. Remove gloves, wash hands, report. Assemble eqmt: gloves, urine specimen, reagent strip. Wash hands, put on gloves. IWIPE Obtain fresh specimen. Gently rotate container in hands to mix. Hold a reagent strip by the clear end and immerse completely. 7. Remove strip stat, tap the edge against container to remove excess. 8. Turn the strip so that the reagent areas are facing you.

Patient Name: __________________ Date: __/__/__ Time: _______ (military) Test: Urinalysis Readings: Interpretation of Reading: Leukocytes 2 min ____ Protein 60 sec ____ pH 60 sec ____ Bld 60 sec ____ Sp.Gr. 45 sec ____ Keytone 40 sec ____ Bilirubin 30 sec ____ Glucose 30 ____ Signature: _________________ Title: LAS