1. WARM UP #9 12/13
Look in any of your 3 notes from Ch 4 and make 4 True or False questions. EXAMPLE: T or F. In a hypertonic solution cells shrink.

2. 12/12 Urinary/ Excretory system
CH 4 NOTES #4
12/12
Urinary/ Excretory system

3. Urinary System Function:
1.) CLEAN BLOOD (GET RID OF WASTES)
2.) HELP MAINTAIN WATER BALANCE
3.) HELP REGULATE BLOOD PRESSURE

4. MADE UP OF 4 MAIN PARTS:
Kidneys –organ that filters blood
Ureters - tube that carries urine from the kidneys to bladder
Bladder - sac that stores urine
Urethra - tube that carries urine out of the body

5. Bladder can hold up to 2 cups Feel like you have to go after 1 cup

6. Body produces wastes… if they build up, it is like poison.
blood picks it up wastes or extra things that our body didn’t need or use
Gets taken out of the blood in our KIDNEYS
Eliminated in our urine with extra water

7. WHAT IS URINE???? URINE: extra water and wastes filtered out of blood
95% %

8. HAVING YOUR URINE CHECKED
Urinalysis can reveal diseases that have gone unnoticed because they do not produce striking signs or symptoms.
Urinalysis provides information about the kidney, urinary tract, and non-kidney disorders.

9. Chemical Reaction Chart

10. Check under Microscope
EX: White blood cells
a few are normal
high numbers indicate inflammation or infection somewhere along the urinary or genital tract

11. What can you find out from urine?
Kidney problems
Infections
Drugs taken
Pregnancies
Diabetes
Several different diseases
ALCOHOL = 3-5 days
MARIJUANA =
Up to 3 months!

12. VIDEO
While watching video, answer the questions on the half sheet.

13. KEEPING A BALANCE BODY GETS BODY LOSES WATER WATER Drinks 1. sweat
Foods breathing
3. urine
4. feces

14. DIURETIC – chemical that makes your kidneys to let out water
EX:
Alcohol
Caffeine
Diet pills
DEHYDRATION – body is low on water

16. SALT- WATER- BLOOD PRESSURE BALANCE
salt = body keeps water = blood pressure salt = body gets rid of water = blood pressure

17. Low on water - brain sends HORMONES to kidneys to make them hold on to fluids
Too much water – brain sends hormones to kidneys to make them let out fluids

18. Problems
Kidney stones Bladder infections Kidney failure

20. BIZARRE FACTS!
At weddings in North Africa, for ceremonial purposes, the bride's urine was sprinkled on the guests after the wedding.
Long ago, urine was often used as toothpaste. It was believed that brushing one's teeth with urine would make the teeth whiter.

21. Mahatma Gandhi drank pee regularly.
In some parts of India people bottle and sell cow urine (cows are considered sacred there)
In Pre-Colonial Peru, the Inca washed their children's hair with urine as a remedy for head lice

22. Astronauts aboard the International Space Station recycle their urine into clean drinking water.

23. LABELING
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra

24. Plants also need to regulate water

25. VIDEO

26. One cell waste = ammonia = poisonous
LIVER – changes ammonia to UREA (not as toxic) for kidneys to get rid of

27. Typical Substances Tested & Significance
pH - partial assessment of acid base status; alkaline pH indicates old sample or urinary tract infection
Specific Gravity - state of kidney and hydration status of patient
Protein - primarily detects protein called albumin; important indicator in the detection of renal disease
Glucose - primarily detects glucose (sugar); important indicator of diabetes mellitus

28. Typical Substances Tested & Significance
Blood - red blood cells, hemoglobin, or myoglobin (muscle hemoglobin); sensitive early indicator of renal disease
Ketone - normal product of fat metabolism; increased amounts seen in diabetes or starvation (extreme dieting)
Bilirubin - detects bilirubin (a product of red cell breakdown); indicator of liver function
Urobilinogen - another by-product of red cell breakdown; increased amounts seen in fever, dehydration, hemolytic anemia and liver disease

29. Typical Substances Tested & Significance
Nitrite - certain bacteria convert normal urine nitrate to nitrite; indicator of urinary tract infection
Leukocyte Esterase - detects esterase enzyme present in certain white blood cells (e.g, neutrophils, monocytes); indicator of urinary tract infection