REPRODUCTION REVIEW II A scientist wants to change the DNA of a sexually reproducing organism and have the new DNA present in every cell of the organism. In order to do this after fertilization, she would change the DNA in the (1) zygote (2) placenta (3) testes of the father (4) ovaries of the mother Which row in the chart to the right indicates the correct process for each event indicated?

When changes occur in the genes of sex cells, these changes (1) lead to mutations in the parent organism (2) are always harmful to the offspring (3) can be the basis for evolutionary change (4) only affect asexually reproducing organisms Asexual reproduction produces offspring that each contain (1) genetic information from one parent (2) genetic information from two parents (3) less genetic information than either parent (4) a unique combination of genetic information Which process is responsible for the formation of the bud? (1) fertilization (3) mitosis (2) recombination (4) meiosis

FERTILIZATION = NORMAL AMOUNT IN ZYGOTE The diagram to the right represents division of a cell that produces two daughter cells. Which statement most likely describes the daughter cells produced? (1) The daughter cells will pass on only half of the genetic information they received from the original cell. (2) The daughter cells will each produce offspring that will have the same genetic information as the original cell. (3) The daughter cells will each undergo the same mutations as the original cell after reproduction has occurred. (4) The daughter cells will not pass on any of the genes that they received from the original cell. The diagram to the right represents some stages in the life cycle of humans. The numbers in the diagram represent various processes in the cycle. State how processes 1 and 2 affect the amount of genetic information provided by a parent to its offspring. HALF FROM EACH CELL State how process 3 affects the amount of genetic information an offspring receives. FERTILIZATION = NORMAL AMOUNT IN ZYGOTE

The diagram to the right shows stages of human reproduction. The direct result of fertilization is represented at (1) A (3) C (2) B (4) D In sexually reproducing organisms, mutations can be inherited if they occur in (1) the egg, only (2) the sperm, only (3) any body cell of either the mother or the father (4) either the egg or the sperm The number in each circle below represents the chromosome number of the cell. Which diagram represents the production of offspring by an asexually reproducing organism?

The diagram to the right represents a process that occurs during normal human development. Which statement is correct regarding the cells and DNA? (1) All the cells have identical DNA. (2) The DNA of the fertilized egg differs from the DNA of all the other cells. (3) The DNA of the fertilized egg differs from some, but not all, of the other cells. (4) Only the fertilized egg contains DNA. The sorting and recombination of genes during reproduction is important to evolution because these processes (1) decrease variation and help maintain a stable population (2) increase variation that enables species to adapt to change (3) decrease the chances of producing offspring that are adapted to the environment (4) increase the ability of all the offspring to adapt to the environment

Which statement concerning the reproductive cells in the diagram to the right is correct? (1) The cells are produced by mitosis and contain all the genetic information of the father. (2) If one of these cells fertilizes an egg, the offspring will be identical to the father. (3) Each of these cells contains only half the genetic information necessary for the formation of an offspring. (4) An egg fertilized by one of these cells will develop into a female with the same characteristics as the mother. Some stages in the development of an organism are represented in the diagram below. Which levels of biological organization do stages 2 and 7 have in common? (1) cells and organs (3) tissues and organelles (2) cells and tissues (4) organelles and cells

The diagram below shows a process that affects chromosomes during meiosis. This process can be used to explain (1) why some offspring are genetically identical to their parents (2) the process of differentiation in offspring (3) why some offspring physically resemble their parents (4) the origin of new combinations of traits in offspring A particular species of shark normally reproduces sexually. In captivity, it was found that a female could also reproduce asexually. One negative result from asexual reproduction is (1) increased gene recombinations (2) increased number of males produced (3) decreased number of eggs used (4) decreased biodiversity within the species

The graph to the right represents the growth of bacteria cultured at three different temperatures over a period of 24 hours. Which statement concerning the rate of cell division in the bacteria culture is correct? (1) Cell division is most rapid at 37°C between 6 and 8 hours after it began. (2) Cell division is most rapid at 25°C between 20 and 24 hours after it began. (3) Cell division is most rapid at 18°C between 4 and 8 hours after it began. (4) Cell division occurs at the same rate no matter what the temperature.

The diagrams below illustrate types of asexual reproduction. Which statement correctly describes the offspring? They vary genetically from the parent (2) They are produced by the union of gametes (3) They obtain nourishment from a placenta (4) They result without the union of gametes If a chemical that interrupts cell division is added to a culture of human liver tissue, which process would stop? (1) meiosis (3) breakdown of glucose (2) mitosis (4) diffusion of nutrients

environmental conditions. Agriculturists have developed some varieties of vegetables from common wild mustard plants, which reproduce sexually. Which statement best explains the development of these different varieties of vegetables? (1) Different varieties can develop from a single species as a result of the recombination of genetic information. (2) Different species can develop from a single species as a result of the effect of similar environmental conditions. (3) Mutations will occur in the genes of a species only if the environment changes. (4) Variations in a species will increase when the rate of mitosis is decreased. What normally happens immediately after fertilization in sexual reproduction? (1) specialization of cells to form a fetus from an egg (2) production of daughter cells having twice the number of chromosomes as the parent cell (3) production of daughter cells having half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell (4) division of cells resulting in the development of an embryo from a zygote The diagram to the right represents a process that occurs during human reproduction. The process represented by the arrow will ensure that the (1) zygote contains a complete set of genetic information (2) gametes contain a complete set of genetic information (3) zygote contains half of the genetic information (4) gametes contain half of the genetic information

Effect of Secondhand Smoke on Birth Weight The data table to the right shows an effect of secondhand smoke on the birth weight of babies born to husbands and wives living together during pregnancy. Effect of Secondhand Smoke on Birth Weight Based on these data, a reasonable conclusion that can be drawn about secondhand smoke during pregnancy is that secondhand smoke is unable to pass from the mother to the fetus (2) slows the growth of the fetus (3) causes mutations in cells of the ovaries (4) blocks the receptors on antibody cells

Type of Gamete: _____________________________________ The information in the chart to the right represents the sex chromosome arrangement in humans and birds. Sex chromosomes contain genes involved in sex determination. In humans, it is the male gamete that is responsible for determining the sex of the offspring. Identify which type of gamete determines the sex of the offspring in birds. Support your answer. Type of Gamete: _____________________________________ THE FEMALE GAMETE: ZW The diagram to the right illustrates asexual reproduction in yeast. Yeast produce offspring that usually have (1) genes that are different from those of the parent (2) genes that are identical to those of the parent (3) half of the genetic information of the parent (4) organelles that are not found in the parent

Sexual reproduction involves the processes listed to the right Sexual reproduction involves the processes listed to the right. Processes A. Differentiation B. Fertilization C. Gamete production D. Mitosis Which sequence represents the order in which these processes occur? (1) A → B → C → D (2) B → A → C → D (3) C → B → D → A (4) D → B → C → A A dogfish shark contains 24 chromosomes in each of its muscle cells. How many chromosomes are normally found in each of its gametes? (1) 6 (3) 24 (2) 12 (4) 48

FACTORS: DIET ENVIRONMENT, PATHOGENS, RISK FACTORS The graph represents changes in the mass of a fetus from week 8 to its birth at week 43. Identify one factor that could cause a fetus to grow at a slower rate than that shown in the graph. During which five-week period did the fetal mass increase at the greatest rate? (1) weeks 10–15 (2) weeks 15–20 (3) weeks 25–30 (4) weeks 30–35 FACTORS: DIET ENVIRONMENT, PATHOGENS, RISK FACTORS Thousands of genetically identical trees have been discovered growing in a remote, undisturbed mountain area in Colorado. These trees are most likely the result of (1) genetic engineering (2) asexual reproduction (3) meiotic cell division (4) biotechnology

An antibiotic is effective in killing 95% of a population of bacteria that reproduce by the process shown below. Which statement best describes future generations of these bacteria? (1) They will be produced by asexual reproduction and will be more resistant to the antibiotic. (2) They will be produced by sexual reproduction (3) They will be produced by asexual reproduction and will be just as susceptible to the antibiotic. (4) They will be produced by sexual reproduction