Introduction to Biology Crosby High School AP Biology

4 Big Ideas The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce and to maintain dynamic homeostasis Living systems store, retrieve, transmit and respond to information essential to life processes Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties

Eight Themes of Biology Biological Hierarchy Organism interactions Energy Transformations Form Follows Function Cell is the basic unit of life Continuity of Life Regulation of Biological Systems EVOLUTION

Hierarchy of Organization Atoms  Molecules  organelles  cells Cells  tissue  organs  organ systems  Organisms Population  Biological community  Ecosystem

Properties of Life Order Reproduction Growth and Development Energy Utilization Response to the Environment Homeostasis Evolutionary Adaptation

Cell Theory Robert Hooke (1665) Anton van Leeuwenhoek “Cells” Anton van Leeuwenhoek “Animacules” Matthias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann (1839) All living things are made of cells All cells come from other cells

Two Main Cell Types Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Archaea and Bacteria Lack Organelles Cell walls Eukaryotic Eukarya Organelles Chromosomes

Continuity of Life All life uses same genetic code Inheritance uses DNA Genome Human Genome Craig Ventner vs. US Government

Interactions Organisms as open systems Regulatory mechanisms Ecosystem Dynamics Energy Conversion Regulatory mechanisms Catalysts Negative Feedback Positive Feedback

Diversity 30 million+ species Taxonomy Domains of Life Archaea Bacteria Eukarya Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista

Evolution Charles Darwin “On the Origin of Species” Natural Selection “Descent with Modification”