Vocatives & Imperatives Hey you! Do this!

Vocative Case Used for direct address Quintus, where are you? Quinte, ubi es? Metella, look at the city! Metella, ecce urbs! Salvius, give me a house! Salvī, villam mihi da! Most are the same as nominative 2nd declension singular has different endings us becomes –e Quintus  Quinte ius becomes –ī Claudius  Claudī

Give the vocatives for each: Rufilla feminae Barbillus servi filius filia mercatores amicus Aristo Salvius Cogidubnus  Rufilla  feminae  Barbille  servi  filī (must have long mark)  filia  mercatores  amice  Aristo  Salvī  Cogidubne

Imperatives Used for commands. Take 2nd pp, chop off infinitive ending, add imperative ending. Sing. Pl. 1st Conj. -ā -ate dā! Give! date! Give! 2nd Conj. -ē -ete sedē! Sit! sedete! Sit! 3rd Conj. -e -ite scribe! Write! scribite! Write! 4th Conj. -ī audī! Listen! audite! Listen!

Give the imperatives (sing and pl): laudare – to praise docēre – to teach mittere – to send dormire – to sleep portare – to carry tacēre – to be quiet agere – to do custodire – to guard laudā, laudate – praise! docē, docete – teach! mitte, mittite – send! dormī, dormite – sleep! portā, portate – carry! tacē, tacete – be quiet! age, agite – do! custodī, custodite – guard!

Irregular Imperatives A handful of verbs are weird (surprise, surprise – you knew there would be some) Memorize these 4 verbs: duc! ducite! – Lead! (from duco, ducere) dic! dicite! – Tell! Say! (from dico, dicere) fer! ferte! – Bring! Carry! (from fero, ferre) fac! facite! – Do! Make! (from facio, facere)

Negative Imperatives Negative commands = don’t do something Use the imperative of nolo + infinitive of the verb you don’t want them to do. nolī dormire! – don’t sleep! (addressed to 1 person) nolite dormire! – don’t sleep! (addressed to more than 1) nolī clamare! – don’t shout! (addressed to 1 person) nolite clamare! – don’t shout! (addressed to more than 1)

Give the negative imperatives cantare – to sing amittere – to lose garrire – to gossip noli cantare – don’t sing! nolite cantare – don’t sing! noli amittere – don’t lose! nolite amittere – don’t lose! noli garrire – don’t gossip! nolite garrire – don’t gossip!