Chapter 3: States of Matter Mr. Jason Prushinski 9th Grade General Science

Ch 3.1: Solids, Liquids, & Gases How can shape and volume be used to classify materials? How can kinetic theory and forces of attraction be used to explain the behavior of gases, liquids, and solids?

Solids The particles that make up a solid are packed very closely together Definite:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Liquid Liquid takes the shape of its container, but its volume does not change.

Gas A gas takes the shape and volume of its container.

Kinetic Theory Particles in a gas are in constant random motion The motion of one particle in unaffected by the motion of the other particles unless the collide Forces of attraction among particles in a gas can be ignored under ordinary conditions

Behavior of Liquids Has stronger force of attraction because particles are closer and moving slower due to lack of space A liquid takes the shape of its container because particles in a liquid can flow to new locations (unlike tightly packed solids)

Behavior of Solids Have a definite volume and definite shape due to tightly packed particles having light to no room to flow and move freely Movie theater example!

3.2 The Gas Laws What causes gas pressure in a closed container? What factors affect gas pressure? How are the temperature, volume, and pressure of a gas related?

Factors that Affect Gas Pressure Temperature Volume Number of Particles

Combined Gas Law

3.3 Phase Change Phase Change: the _______________physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another

Temperature and Phase Change The temperature of a substance __________________ change during a phase change

Energy and Phase Change Endothermic: ________________energy Heat of Fusion: the amount of energy absorbed Exothermic: _____________of energy

Melting & Freezing Melting: arrangement of molecules becomes ______________orderly Freezing: arrangement of molecules becomes ______________orderly

Evaporation & Condensation Evaporation: Liquid to a _______________ Heat of Vaporization: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Water vapor collected above water. Collisions of this vapor with the walls of the container causes Vapor Pressure Condensation: gas to ________________ Responsible for ________________________ Exothermic process

Sublimation & Deposition Sublimation: Solid directly to a ___________________ Endothermic Change Ex: Dry Ice Deposition: Gas directly to a ______________________ Exothermic Change