END OF RECONSTRUCTION Chapter 18 Section 4

Democrats in the South Democratic Party Was against reconstruction and Freedman’s Bureau Klan scared Republicans from voting allowed Democrats to dominate Southern politics

Solid South Economic Power Political Power African Americans depended on whites for jobs so couldn’t speak out against them Political Power Try to prevent blacks from voting with terror would shoot blacks on election day Pass laws establishing poll tax or literacy requirements Known as solid south because always voted for the Democrat

State Conventions New constitutions set up public schools gave vote to all males by 1869 constitutions approved and states added to union

1876 Election Election was very close Sam Tilden (Democrat) Election was very close elections in South Carolina, Louisiana and Florida were corrupted with violence Results were rejected Congress had to decide the election Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican)

Compromise of 1877 Hayes made President in exchange for removing troops from south Result in Reconstruction governments collapsing Power returned to traditional whites

Loss of Voting Rights Poll Tax Literacy Test Grandfather Clause Tax had to be paid to vote Literacy Test Voter had to be able to read and write Grandfather Clause Could only vote if your grandfather could

Segregated South Jim Crow Laws – 1890’s Made segregation official policy of state Segregation legal separation of races

Segregated South Plessy v Ferguson 1896 – Plessy refuse to sit in colored train car, took case to Supreme Court

Segregated South Plessy v Ferguson 1896 – Plessy refuse to sit in colored train car, took case to Supreme Court Supreme Court rule “separate but equal” was ok Justified and defended segregation

Farmer rent land from owner Owner provide, shelter, tools, seed At harvest farmer give owner portion of crops

Owners force farmer to grow cash crop (tobacco, cotton) instead of food Farmers go into debt because have to buy everything from the landowner Growing of cotton makes South poor because it had to import food

The Growth of Industry Industries develop in steel, cloth, tobacco Development of cigarette industry Railroads repaired Although more money in south, still earned ½ of northerners