Russia.

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Presentation transcript:

Russia

Geography Eastern Europe and Russia The largest nation on earth Straddles two continents and 11 time zones Climatic diversity

Russia Former USSR and Soviet Union 25% of Russia is in Eastern Europe 75% is in Asia Climate: weather varies drastically (-30 is common, even colder in Siberia) Desire for warm ports has influenced Russia’s foreign policy to control nations surrounding Russia

Siberia Area of northeastern Russia Makes up 75% of Russia’s land mass Northern Siberia is a frozen tundra Southern Siberia experiences hot/humid summers and bitterly cold winters 20% of Russia’s population lives here Rich in natural resources Coal, minerals, gas, timber Large untapped area – hard to extract because of frozen conditions

People and Culture One of the most ethnically diverse nations in the world (120 different ethnic groups) Tsars (monarchs) of Russia expanded the empire starting in the 800’s Soviet union Dictators eliminated many aspects of traditional Russian culture

Russia: the Rise of the ussr Russian revolution of 1917 ended the monarchy (czar) Vladimir Lenin: leader of the Bolshevik party, instituted a system of oppressive communism with himself as the dictator Heavily influenced by karl marx Lenin turned Russia into a communist state (ussr) Communism would survive in Russia until the early 1990’s

Russia: the Rise of the ussr Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote “The Communist Manifesto” Communism: Theory that all people should own farms and factories, share in the work equally, and receive an equal share of rewards Huge split between rich and poor at the time Peasants supported because land was redistributed

Russia history Dictator Joseph Stalin succeeded Lenin in 1924. He sent many to Siberia prison camps that opposed his plans. His people lived in terror as he set up collectivism, which many resisted. Million’s died of starvation.

Russia history Cold War: Extreme tension without an actual war from 1945 to 1991. Eastern Europe forced into communism after WW II – cut off contact with the West Tried to expand communism beyond Eastern Europe – The United States was determined to stop this Soviet union’s economy was in serious trouble by the 1980’s NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization was created in 1949 and its members agreed to protect one another from communist attack in Europe

Break-up of the communist bloc Communist Bloc: Soviet Union and other communist nations of Eastern Europe Berlin Wall: Built by the East Germans in 1961, sealed off East Berlin from West Berlin 1989 November – East German leaders could no longer count on support from Soviet Union. Berlin Wall torn down and country reunified.

Communist bloc Many Eastern European countries broke away from Soviet control to include: Poland, East Germany, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Armenia, Latvia, and Estonia.

Mikhail Gorbachev Last general secretary of the communist party of the soviet union and the last head of state of the ussr. 1985-Instituted a series of reforms to help “Fix” the USSR Glasnost- “openness,” allowed for free expression of ideas perestroika- “Restructuring,” designed to limit communist control of local governments and to end state control of businesses Too little to late, USSR collapsed On December 26, 1991

Boris yeltsin President after gorbachev Leader during transition from communist dictatorship to a democratic government and steered Russia toward a free market Challenge - converting a command to a market economy Industries and farms were privatized, but this created food shortages and unemployment Without government control prices rose and crime increased. Poor Russians resented rich. They wanted stability and a return to communism.

Vladimir Putin Former member of KGB. Praised for his economic reforms, but questioned for his human rights violations.

Vladimir Putin Russia became a federation-local governments have some authority but federal government maintains most of the power Putin Elected on promise of returning Russia to its former glory Corruption has run rampant through all levels of Russian government