INDUSTRIALIZATION
Industrial Revolution Began in England in the 18th Century American Manufacturing limited to hand tools and small-scale manufacturing Technology innovations created a shift toward large-scale production Picture is of an iron ore plant in Pennsylvania.
Industrial Revolution Spinning jenny Produces many spools of yarn at once Power loom Wove & pressed thread into cloth Advances made it possible for any unskilled workers to produce cloth Especially children
Free Enterprise and Factories Workers and machines together under one roof Most built near water source for power Samuel Slater Built first successful water-powered textile mill People leave farms to work in factories for wages on a set schedule Factory in Massachusetts
Free Enterprise and Factories New England was ideal setting for growth of American factories Land was not conducive to farming, people willing to work in factories Many fast moving rivers Near ocean
Free Enterprise and Factories Economic system allowed competition Minimum government interference Free Enterprise Competition, profit, private property, & economic freedom Many people invested in industry during the War of 1812 Businessmen built factories and grew wealthy
Impact on Cities Industrial cities grew the quickest City disadvantages Waste disposal was an issue Fires were a constant threat Overcrowded living conditions City advantages Libraries, museums, shops Jobs & attractions outweighed the dangers
Francis Cabot Lowell builds a factory in Waltham, Mass Figured out how to work power looms from seeing them in England (stole the technology like Samuel Slater) Factory was so successful he built a factory town called Lowell The Lowell Mills Picture of the Lowell Mills
The Lowell Mills Lowell mills employed farm girls Worked 12 ½ hour days Young women came in spite of the noise because of high wages Older women supervised the girls Enforced strict rules The rise in steam powered factories forced the mills to close
New Way to Manufacture Factories did many tasks in one place Increase efficiency Interchangeable parts Reduced goods prices Became the industry standard The first picture is an exploded view of the type of guns that Whitney first designed using his interchangeable parts process. The second picture is an exploded view of an LCD tv. The last picture to come up through animation is a Nintendo 3DS.
Transportation Revolution Robert Fulton – creates steam boat Fulton used it to commercially to transport people up the Hudson River from New York City to upstate New York Roads built to connect cities States charged tolls During the presentation, click the blue box (after the information about the steamboat) behind the title to link to a history.com video about steamboats
Click the diagram “How Steam Engines Work” to link to a website that animates the picture
Communication Revolution Samuel Morse – creates the telegraph Sends short pulses of electricity along a wire that could be translated into letters The telegraph took seconds to communicate to someone in another city
Agricultural Revolution John Deere Invents a lightweight plow with a steel cutting edge Designed for rich and heavy Midwestern soil Cyrus McCormick Invents a mechanical reaper to cut ripe grain Threshing machine separated kernels of wheat from the husks New farm equipment opened new markets to grow food
#1 & 2 – Steel Plow…#3/4/5 – Mechanical Reaper…#6 & 7 – Threshing Machine (#7 links to the wikipedia site about the threshing machine, which also has a couple of video clips showing how it works)