Making salts All Must: Be able to describe how to neutralise an acid Most Must: Write a word equation for neutralisation Some Must: State two other ways to make a salt

What is this and why is it used? Key Words Neutralisation Salt Copper sulphate What is this and why is it used?

acid + alkali salt + water Neutralisation What happens when you add a acid to an alkali? acid + alkali salt + water Acids react with alkalis to produce two neutral products.

A neutralisation reaction is where an acid reacts with a base to produce a neutral solution of a salt and water. sodium hydroxide pH 14 neutralisation sodium chloride pH 7 hydrochloric acid pH 1 1 2 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Increasingly acid Increasingly alkali

Common Acids are: Name of acid Formula Sulphuric acid Hydrochloric Nitric acid H2SO4 HCl HNO3

Sulphuric acid Nitric acid Sulphates Nitrates Hydrochloric acid Ending of Salt name Sulphuric acid Nitric acid Sulphates Nitrates Hydrochloric acid Chlorides

What chemicals are bases? Which chemicals can neutralise acids? Metal oxide Metal hydroxide Metal carbonate

Common bases are: Name of alkali Formula Sodium Hydroxide Potassium Oxide Calcium Carbonates Ammonium Hydroxide NaOH KO CaO3 NH4OH

Making Copper Sulphate - Method Put 20cm3 of your chosen acid into a beaker Clue 1 - Which acid do I need? Add your chosen oxide into the beaker 1 spatula at a time Clue 2 – Which oxide do I need? Add the oxide until there is no longer a reaction. You may use equipment to aid you in this. Clue 3 – How can I tell if there is a reaction or not? Prepare your solution so that the water can be separated from the salt Clue 4 – How do I separate the salt and water? Clue 5a – What needs to be done before I separate the salt and water? Clue 5b – How do I do what needs to be done before I separate the salt and water? Start the process of separating the salt and the water Clue 6 – How can I start the process of separating the salt and the water?

Naming salts

Naming salts Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide  Sodium chloride water Lithium hydroxide ……………….. chloride Potassium hydroxide ……………….. ……………….. ………………… Hydrochloric acid + potassium hydroxide  ……………….. ……………….. …………… Sulphuric acid Lithium hydroxide ……………….. sulphate Nitric acid

acid + base  salt + water

You also should be able to describe how to make salts using 2 other ways: Alkali metals and water Metals and acids

Metals and acids practical Add samples of the different metals to separate boiling tubes Add in 10cm3 acid Attach the bung Collect the gas over water Test it to see what gas it is Repeat with each different metal

All these are alkalis – that will neutralise an acid Type of compound Contain React with acids to give Metal Hydroxides Metal Oxides Metal Carbonates OH- water + a salt O2- water + a salt CO32- water + a salt + CO2

Naming salts 1 The first part of the name of the salt comes from the first name of the base (alkali) So Ammonium hydroxide gives ammonium ………… Magnesium oxide gives magnesium …………... 2 The acid gives the last part of the name of the salt. So Sulphuric acid make sulphates Nitric acid makes nitrates Hydrochloric acid makes chlorides Eg. Sodium hydroxide + nitric acid forms: Calcium carbonate + sulphuric acid forms: Sodium nitrate calcium sulphate

Practical with copper sulphate What is the acid in our practical? dilute sulphuric acid What is the alkali in our practical? Copper oxide What is the name of the salt? Copper sulphate

Practical neutralising acid using the three different bases

Naming salts

Naming salts Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide  Sodium chloride water Lithium hydroxide ……………….. chloride Potassium hydroxide ……………….. ……………….. ………………… Hydrochloric acid + potassium hydroxide  ……………….. ……………….. …………… Sulphuric acid Lithium hydroxide ……………….. sulphate Nitric acid

Naming salts Hydrochloric acid + potassium hydroxide  ……………….. ……………….. …………… Sulphuric acid Lithium hydroxide ……………….. sulphate Nitric acid

Plenary Tim and Moby Revision video

Key word bingo Salt Sodium chloride neutralisation Potassium nitrate alkali reaction water acid corrosive Lithium chloride Cleaning products pH scale Magnesium nitrate indicator