1. Make sure you revise the following:
Electrolysis
Make sure you revise the following:
What is electrolysis?
Electrolysis of sodium chloride
Electrolysis of copper
Half equations (Higher tier)
Neutralisation reactions
Naming salts

2. What is Electrolysis?
Electrolysis is used to split ionic substances into elements.
Electrolysis involves passing an electric current through ionic substances that are molten or dissolved so that ions are free
to move.
During electrolysis, positive ions move to the negative electrode and negative electrons move to the positive electrode.

3. Electrolysis of sodium chloride
The electrolysis of sodium chloride (NaCl) solution produces hydrogen, chlorine and sodium hydroxide solution.
Positive hydrogen ions (H+) move to the negative electrode, gain electrons (reduction) and become hydrogen gas
Negative chlorine ions (Cl-)move to the positive electrode, lose electrons and become chlorine gas
Sodium ions (Na+) and hydroxide ions (OH-) are left in the solution.

4. Purifying Copper
The method of purifying copper is called electrolysis.
Impure copper is made at the positive electrode.
The pure copper is made at the negative electrode.
The impurities collect at the bottom of the tank.

5. Half equations – Higher tier (electrolysis of copper)
At the anode (positive electrode):
2Cl-  Cl2 + 2e- (loss of electrons)
At the cathode (negative electrode):
2Cu+ + 2e-  2Cu (gain electrons)
Oxidation = gain oxygen/loss of electrons
Reduction = loss of oxygen/gain electrons

6. Oxidation or reduction?

7. Neutralisation Reactions
ACID
BASE/
ALKALI
SALT
WATER +  +
H20(l)
H+ (aq) +
OH-(aq) 
During a neutralisation reaction, an acid reacts with an alkali or base to produce a salt and water.
The hydrogen ions from the acid (H+) react with the hydroxide ions (OH-) from the alkali.
The H+ cancels out the OH- to give a neutral product (no charge)

8. Naming Salts Hydrochloric acid produces chlorides
Sulphuric acid produces sulphates
Nitric Acid produces nitrates
Alkali/Base
Acid
Salt?
Calcium hydroxide
Hydrochloric acid
Calcium chloride
Magnesium oxide
Nitric acid
Magnesium Nitrate
Calcium carbonate
Sulphuric acid
Calcium Sulphate
Aluminium hydroxide
Aluminium Nitrate
Potassium hydroxide
Potassium Sulphate