Welcome to CERN Volker Mertens CERN Technology Department

Workshop on potential collaboration with FIML in the framework of the FCC study (following up from a visit at FIML, Dortmund, on 23 June 2016) Programme 22 November 2016 study https://indico.cern.ch/event/576224/

Workshop Programme 23 November 2016 https://indico.cern.ch/event/576224/

Future Circular Collider Study PS FCC LHC SPS http://cern.ch/fcc Work supported by the European Commission under the HORIZON 2020 project EuroCirCol, grant agreement 654305

CERN CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, is an intergovernmental organisation which was founded in 1954 (http://home.cern/about). It has meanwhile 21 Member States. Its seat is in Geneva; its premises are located on both sides of the French-Swiss border. CERN’s mission is to enable international collaboration in the field of high-energy particle physics research. To this end it designs, builds and operates particle accelerators and the associated experimental areas. At present more than 11 000 scientific users from research institutes all over the world are using CERN’s installations for their experiments. The accelerator complex at CERN is a succession of machines with increasingly higher energies. Each machine injects the beam into the next one, which takes over to bring the beam to an even higher energy. The present flagship of this complex is the Large Hadron Collider (LHC; http://home.cern/topics/large-hadron-collider).

Chain of accelerators

Pre-accelerators LINAC2 PS Booster Proton Synchrotron Super Proton Synchrotron

LHC Large Hadron Collider Magnet Coil LHC interconnection Present flagship 27 km circumference, 100 m underground. LHC interconnection

Detectors ATLAS

Data processing

High-Energy Physics (HEP) “Standard model” describes only 5 % of the universe ! What is dark matter ? What is dark energy ? Why is there more matter than antimatter ? Why do the masses differ by more than 13 orders of magnitude ? Do fundamental forces unify in single field theory ? What about gravity ? Is there a “world equation” – a “theory of everything” ? Known Matter 4.9% Dark Matter 26.8% Dark Energy 68.3% galaxy rotation curves, 1933 - Zwicky Largely dominated by the unknown. K. Borras

Roads to discoveries Higher Energy Higher Luminosity Smaller Scales Rare Processes Higher energy = access to higher masses (Einstein) and better resolution (de Broglie) Higher Energy Higher Luminosity

Strategic motivation for FCC European Strategy for Particle Physics 2013: “…to propose an ambitious post-LHC accelerator project….., CERN should undertake design studies for accelerator projects in a global context,…with emphasis on proton-proton and electron-positron high-energy frontier machines….coupled to a vigorous accelerator R&D programme, including high-field magnets and high-gradient accelerating structures,….” U.S. strategy and P5 recommendation 2014: ”….A very high-energy proton-proton collider is the most powerful tool for direct discovery of new particles and interactions under any scenario of physics results that can be acquired in the P5 time window….” ICFA statement 2014: ”…. ICFA supports studies of energy frontier circular colliders and encourages global coordination.….”

Pushing the energy frontier A very large circular hadron collider seems the only approach to reach 100 TeV c.m. collision energy in coming decades Access to new particles (direct production) in the few TeV to 30 TeV mass range, far beyond LHC reach. Much-increased rates for phenomena in the sub-TeV mass range → increased precision w.r.t. LHC and possibly ILC Hadron collider energy reach compared to LHC factor ~4 in radius, factor ~2 in field  O(10) in Ecms 𝐸∝ 𝐵 𝑑𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒 ×𝜌 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔

Future Circular Collider Study GOAL: CDR and cost review for the next ESU (2018) FCC-hh baseline 100 km, 16 T 100 TeV (c.o.m.) 10000 t Nb3Sn FCC-hh 80 km, 20 T 100 TeV (c.o.m.) 2000 t HTS 8000 t LTS Geneva PS HE-LHC baseline 27 km, 16 T 26 TeV (c.o.m.) 2500 t Nb3Sn SPS LHC LHC 27 km, 8.33 T 14 TeV (c.o.m.) 1300 t NbTi

accelerator + infrastructure Scope: accelerator + infrastructure FCC-hh: 100 TeV pp collider as long-term goal  defines infrastructure needs FCC-ee: e+e- collider, potential intermediate step HE-LHC: based on FCC-hh technology key technologies pushed in dedicated R&D programmes, e.g. 16 Tesla magnets for 100 TeV pp in 100 km SRF technologies and RF power sources tunnel infrastructure in Geneva area, linked to CERN accelerator complex; site-specific, as requested by European strategy

Scope: physics + experiments physics opportunities discovery potentials experiment concepts for hh, ee and he machine Detector Interface studies concepts for worldwide data services overall cost model; cost scenarios for collider options including infrastructure and injectors; implementation and governance models

Timescale 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Constr. Physics LEP Design Proto Construction Physics LHC Design Construction Physics HL-LHC 20 years Design Physics Construction Proto FCC study Now is the right time to plan for the period 2035 – 2040 Goal of phase 1: CDR by end 2018 for next update of European Strategy

Study timeline to CDR 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Study plan, scope definition Explore options conceptual study of baseline develop baseline <|> detailed studies FCC Week 2015: work towards baseline FCC Week 17 & Review Cost model, LHC results  study re-scoping? FCC Week 2016 Progress review Elaboration, consolidation FCC Week 2018  contents of CDR Report CDR ready

International Collaboration 88 institutes 28 countries + EC Status: August, 2016

87 collaboration members + EC + CERN as host Collaboration Status 87 collaboration members + EC + CERN as host ALBA/CELLS, Spain Ankara U., Turkey Aydin U, Istanbul, Turkey U Belgrade, Serbia U Bern, Switzerland BINP, Russia CASE (SUNY/BNL), USA CBPF, Brazil CEA Grenoble, France CEA Saclay, France CIEMAT, Spain Cinvestav, Mexico CNRS, France CNR-SPIN, Italy Cockcroft Institute, UK U Colima, Mexico UCPH Copenhagen, Denmark CSIC/IFIC, Spain TU Darmstadt, Germany TU Delft, Netherlands DESY, Germany DOE, Washington, USA TU Dresden, Germany Duke U, USA EPFL, Switzerland UT Enschede, Netherlands ESS, Sweden U Geneva, Switzerland Giresun U. Turkey Goethe U Frankfurt, Germany GSI, Germany GWNU, Korea U. Guanajuato, Mexico Hellenic Open U, Greece HEPHY, Austria U Houston, USA ISMAB-CSIC, Spain IFAE, Spain IFIC-CSIC, Spain IIT Kanpur, India IFJ PAN Krakow, Poland INFN, Italy INP Minsk, Belarus U Iowa, USA IPM, Iran UC Irvine, USA Isik U., Turkey Istanbul University, Turkey JAI, UK JINR Dubna, Russia Jefferson LAB, USA FZ Jülich, Germany KAIST, Korea KEK, Japan KIAS, Korea King’s College London, UK KIT Karlsruhe, Germany KU, Seoul, Korea Korea U Sejong, Korea U Liverpool, UK U Lund, Sweden U Malta, Malta MAX IV, Sweden MEPhI, Russia UNIMI, Milan, Italy MIT, USA Northern Illinois U, USA NC PHEP Minsk, Belarus OIU, Turkey Okan U, Turkey U Oxford, UK PSI, Switzerland U. Rostock, Germany RTU, Riga, Latvia UC Santa Barbara, USA Sapienza/Roma, Italy U Siegen, Germany U Silesia, Poland Stanford U, USA U Stuttgart, Germany TAU, Israel TU Tampere, Finland TOBB, Turkey U Twente, Netherlands TU Vienna, Austria Wigner RCP, Budapest, Hungary Wroclaw UT, Poland

468 168 Institutes 24 First FCC Week Conference Washington DC 23-27 March 2015 http://cern.ch/fccw2016 468 Participants 168 Institutes http://cern.ch/fccw2015 24 Countries

Summary status Consolidated parameter sets for FCC-hh and FCC-ee machines Complete optics baselines for FCC-hh and FCC-ee, beam dynamics compatible with parameter requirements Common footprint for both accelerator options Convergence on main MDI parameters and detector studies First round of geology and implementation CE and TI studies completed Full design iteration for next FCC Week conference in May 2017 Next milestone is a study review at FCC Week 2017 to confirm baseline and define contents of the Conceptual Design Report.