BUILDING HEATING AND COOLING Heating costs: Electric heating: First cost is low, but very expensive to operate. Heat pumps: Operating costs are much lower than electric heating, but initial cost is high. Gas and oil: Initial and operating costs of furnaces/ boilers using gas or oil can be competitive with those of heat pumps. A reliable source of outdoor air has to be assured.

BUILDING HEATING AND COOLING Hydronic heating delivery equipment (see section 16.1): Fin-tube convectors Panel radiators Baseboard radiators Pumps and accessories Radiant heating (see section 16.2) Radiant floor

BUILDING HEATING AND COOLING Forced air heating & cooling(see section 16.3) Fan coil unit (FCU): A factory-assembled package consisting of a heating and/or cooling coil, fan, and filter. It also includes a drain pan and an outside air damper. Usually, it is located at the outside wall of a building, but may also be installed at the ceiling.  Functionally similar to an AHU, but essentially a terminal device because it serves only one room or a small group of rooms. Air handling unit (AHU): Both heating and cooling can be accomplished with the same equipment. Air quantity and duct sizes are usually set by summer cooling requirements. The unit is made up of fan(s) or blower(s), filter(s), heating coil(s), cooling coil(s), and a drain pan, all within an enclosure. An AHU either comes as a package or is constructed on site from the various components. AHUs should be located within 200' of the floor area or zone they serve to conserve fan energy. Requires about 4% of building floor area.

BUILDING HEATING AND COOLING Control and distribution components for large buildings (additional information) Air handling equipment: Controls temperature, humidity, and quality of air. Supply network: Distributes conditioned air to different part of the building. Ducts required. Return path: Carries air back to AHU. Ducting is optional. Exhaust: Required to get rid of odors and air contaminants. Fresh air inlet: Required to replace exhaust air and maintain an acceptable level of air quality.