Medical Terminology Part four

Basic Parts of Medical Words Roots: usually the middle of the word and its central meaning Prefix: a syllable at the beginning of the word which usually identifies some subdivision or part of the central meaning Suffix: comes at the end of the central meaning and refers to what or who is interacting or what is happening regarding it.

Prefix Root Suffix beginning of the word identifies some subdivision or part of the central meaning Root middle of the word its central meaning Suffix end of the word what is happening or who is referred to

Example Myocarditis Root: card (referring to the heart) Prefix: myo (referring to the muscle) Suffix: itis (inflammation) Meaning: inflammation of the muscle layer of the heart Read the meaning of medical terms from the suffix, back to the beginning of the term, and then across.

Myocarditis

Changes Prefix change: Pericarditis (inflammation of the outer layer of the heart) Endocartitis (inflammation of the inner lining of the heart) Suffix change: Cardiologist ( a physician specializing in the heart) Cardiomyopathy (damage to heart muscle layer) Cardiomegaly (enlargement of the heart)

Also: Combining vowels Usually is the letter “O” but may be A, E, I, U or Y Usually has no meaning of its own but is used to connect the root and the suffix or two roots and two suffixes Example: ELECTR O CARDI O GRAM GASTR O ENTER ITIS

Examples GASTR O ENTER O LOGY GASTR O SCOPE GASTR IC (ROOT) (SUFFIX) (ROOT) (ROOT) (SUFFIX) GASTR O SCOPE (ROOT) (SUFFIX) GASTR IC (ROOT) (SUFFIX) GASTR O ENTER ITIS (ROOT) (ROOT) (SUFFIX)

Plurals Words ending in a, retain the a add ae : vertebra - vertebrae Words ending in is, drop the is and add es: Diagnosis - diagnoses Words ending in ex or ix, drop the ex or ix and add ices: apex - apices Words ending in on, drop the on and add a: ganglion - ganglia 5. Words ending in um, drop the um and add a: bacterium - bacteria Words ending in us, drip the us and add i: bronchus - bronchi

Carcinoma cancer, cancerous Carcin / oma Tumor or mass of cancer carcinogen Carcin / oma Carcin = cancer -oma = tumor or mass Tumor or mass of cancer

cephal/o Cephal / ic Head Pertaining to the head Cephal = head -ic = pertaining to Pertaining to the head Head Cephalic

cyst/o urinary/bladder Cystoscopy

Cystoscopy Cysto / scopy Visual examination of the bladder Cyst/o= bladder -scopy = visual examination Visual examination of the bladder

Cystoscope Cysto / scope Instrument to view the bladder Cyst/o= bladder -scope = instrument to view Instrument to view the bladder

electr/o Electricity Electric Electrocardiogram

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)☤ Electr/o = electicity Cardi/o = heart -gram = record Record of the electricity of the heart

encephal/o Brain electroencephalogram (EEG) encephalitis

electroencephalogram (EEG) Electr/o = electrcity Encephal/o = brain -gram = record Record of the electricity of the brain

Encephalitis Encephal / itis Inflammation of the brain Encephal = brain -itis = inflammation Inflammation of the brain Viral enchephalitis – herpes http://pathology.mc.duke.edu/neuropath/CNSlecture2/hsv.jpg3333

gynec/o R★ women, female gynecology Gynecologist

Gynecology Gynec / o / logy Study of women Gynec/o = women

Gynecologist Gynec / o / logist Specialist (in the study) of women Gynec/o = women -logist = specialist in Specialist (in the study) of women

lapar/o abdomen (area between the chest and hip) Laparoscopy Laparoscope Abdomen http://swissknifev.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/liver-abdomen.jpg

Laparoscope Lapar / o / scopy Instrument used to visualize the abdomen Lapr/o = abdomen -scope = instrument used to visualize Instrument used to visualize the abdomen

nephr/o Kidney Nephrectomy Nephritis Nephrologist

Nephrectomy Nephr / ectomy Removal (cutting out) of the kidney Nephr = kidney -ectomy = removal of Removal (cutting out) of the kidney http://www.umm.edu/transplant/kidney/images/laparoscopic_instrument.jpg

Nephritis Nephr / itis Inflammation of the kidney Nephr = kidney http://www.geocities.com/hotsprings/falls/7780/images/dpgn.jpg lupus nephritis

Nephrologist Nephr / o / logist Specialist in the kidney Nephr/o = kidney -logist = specialist in Specialist in the kidney http://www.davita.com/UploadedImages/Davita_Nephrologist-620.jpg

neur/o Nerve Neurology Neurologist Neural Neuralgia Neurosis

Neurology Neur / o / logy Study of nerves Neur/o = nerves

Neurologist Neur / o / logist Specialist in nerves Neur/o = nerves

Neural Neur / al Pertaining to the nerves Neur = nerves

Neuralgia Neur / algia Pain of the nerves (nerve pain) Neur = nerves

Neurosis Neur / osis Abnormal condition of the nerves Neur = nerves

ophthalm/o Eye Ophthalmologist Ophthalmology ophthalmoscope http://inexorablyloved.files.wordpress.com/2007/03/sunny-eyes-012b.jpg

Ophthalmologist Ophthalm/o/logist Specialist in eyes Ophthalm/o = eyes

Ophthalmology Ophthalm / o / logy The study of eyes Ophthalm/o = eyes -logy = study of The study of eyes

Ophthalmoscope Ophthalmoscope Instrument to view the eyes Ophthalm/o = eyes -scope = instrument to view Instrument to view the eyes

oste/o Bone Osteoarthritis osteoporosis

Osteoarthritis ☤ Oste / o / arthr / itis Oste/o = bone Arthr = joint -itis = inflammation Inflammation of the bone and joints http://medicineworld.org/images/blogs/10-2006/osteoarthritis-late-6180.jpg

path/o R★ Disease Pathologist Pathology Psychopathic

Pathologist Path / o / logist Path/o = disease -logist = specialist in

Pathology Path / o / logy Study of disease Path/o = disease

psych/o Mind Psychology Psychologist Psychosis

Psychology Psych / o / logy Study of the mind Psych/o = mind

Psychologist Psych / o / logist Specialist in the mind Psych/o = mind

Psychosis Psych / osis Abnormal condition of the mind Psych = mind

Psychopathic Psych/o/path/ic Condition of mind disease Psycho/o = mind Path = disease -ic =condition of Condition of mind disease

ren/o R★ Kidney Renal

Rhin/o Nose Rhin / itis Inflammation of the nose Rhinitis Rhin = nose

-ectomy cutting out, removal, excision Gastrectomy Tonsillectomy Appendectomy

Anemia Anemia An- = no -emia = blood No blood

-osis abnormal condition Nephrosis Nephr / osis Psychosis Nephr / osis Nepho = kidney -osis = abnormal condition Abnormal condition of the kidney

endo- inside, inner (within) endocrine glands, endocardium

exo- Outside Ex: exocrine glands, exoskeleton, exorcist

sub- Sub / hepat / ic below, under Pertaining to below the liver Sub- = below Hepat = liver -ic = pertaining to Pertaining to below the liver below, under Subhepatic Subconscious substandard

Any questions?