1. Introduction to Medical Terminology
Chapter 1

2. Primary Medical Terms
Primary medical terms enable you to prioritize terms in your study of medical terminology.

3. What Parts Are the Key!
Four basic types of word parts are used to create complex medical terms:
Word roots
Combining forms
Suffixes
Prefixes
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4. What Parts Are the Key!

5. Word Roots
Word roots usually, but not always, indicate the part of the body involved.
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6. Word Roots
Examples:
cardi = heart
gastr = stomach
neur = nerve
Note: Word roots do not mean pertaining to or relating to; that meaning comes from the suffix.

7. Combining Forms
Created by adding a vowel (usually the letter “o”) to the end of a word root.
Used when connecting word roots or when the word root is joined to a suffix that begins with a consonant.
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8. Combining Forms Examples: cardi/o = heart gastr/o = stomach
neur/o = nerve
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9. Combining Forms

10. Suffixes
Suffixes usually, but not always,indicate the procedure, condition, disorder, or disease.
Examples:
cardiomegaly
gastralgia
neuritis
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11. Suffixes
Examples:

12. Prefixes
Prefixes usually, but not always, indicate location, time, number, or status.
Examples:
pericardium
epigastric
polyneuritis
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13. Prefixes
Examples:

14. Determining Meanings on the Basis of Word Parts
Decipher these medical terms based on their word parts:
cardiologist
gastritis
neuralgia
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15. Determining Meanings on the Basis of Word Parts
An example to take apart:

16. Additional Lessons in This Chapter
Using a medical dictionary
The “sounds-like” pronunciation system
Why spelling counts
Caution when using abbreviations
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17. Additional Lessons in This Chapter
Singular and plural endings
Basic medical terms
Look-alike, sound-alike terms and word parts

18. Key Word Parts and Definitions
-algia
pain, painful condition
dys-
bad, difficult, or painful
-ectomy
surgical removal, cutting out, excision
hyper-
excessive, increased
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19. Key Word Parts and Definitions
hypo-
deficient, decreased
-itis
inflammation
-osis
abnormal condition, disease
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20. Key Word Parts and Definitions
-ostomy
the surgical creation of an artificial opening to the body surface
-otomy
cutting, surgical incision
-plasty
surgical repair
-rrhage
bleeding, abnormal excessive fluid discharge
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21. Key Word Parts and Definitions
-rrhaphy
surgical suturing
-rrhea
flow or discharge
-rrhexis
rupture
-sclerosis
abnormal hardening

22. Questions

23. Question
A vertebra is a bone in the spine. What is the plural of vertebra?
vertebras
vertebri
vertebrae

24. Answer
c. vertebrae

25. Question
Inter- means within or inside.
True or False?

26. Answer
False. Intra- means within or inside. Inter- means between or among.

27. Question Losing a large amount of blood in a short time is a: hemorage
hemorrhage
hemorhage

28. Answer
b. hemorrhage

29. Question
The ilium is part of the hip bone, and the ileum is part of the small intestine.
True or False?

30. Answer
True

31. Word Roots that indicate Color
Cyan/o = blue Erythr/o = red Leuk/o = white Melan/o = black Poli/o = gray

32. 16. –malacia=abn softening 17. –megaly = abn enlargement 18
16. –malacia=abn softening 17. –megaly = abn enlargement 18. –necrosis = tissue death 19. –stenosis= abn narrowing 20. –sclerosis= abn hardening

33. Suffixes related to procedures
21. –Centesis=sx pnct to rmv fluid 22. –graphy= process of recording A picture or record 23. gram= picture or recording 24. prenatal= evnts b4 birth 25. Peri = surrounding

34. 26. Ology = study of 27. rhino= nose 28. arteri/o= artery 29
26. Ology = study of 27.rhino= nose 28. arteri/o= artery 29. ather/o= plaque or fatty substance 30. Arthr/o= joint Copy table 1.4 on p 9. (no repeats)

35. 31. Pyro=fever 32. Inflammation vs. Infection 33. Pyo=Pus 34
31. Pyro=fever 32. Inflammation vs. Infection 33. Pyo=Pus 34. gallbladder=cholesto 35. Hepat/o= liver 36. my/o= muscle 37. neur/o= nerve 38. gastro=stomach 39. oste/o= bone 40. ren/o=kidney 41. pulmon/o or pneum/o= lung 42. cardi/o= heart 43. cerebr/o=brain

36. Test Next Class  On your phones