The Study of Interactions between Organisms and their Environment

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Ecology The study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment.
Advertisements

Ecology.
Principles of Ecology Chapter 2.
Principles of Ecology Chapter 2.
Nitrogen gas returns to the atmosphere by the action of
AP Biology Ecosystems AP Biology biosphere ecosystem community population Studying organisms in their environment organism.
ECOSYSTEMS AND CYCLES EVERYTHING IS CONNECTED Ecology is the study of the interactions between living things and their environment –Living things are.
Chapter 2 – Introduction to Ecology
The interaction of organisms with the environment.
Ecosystems biosphere ecosystem community population organism.
INTERACTION OF LIVING THINGS AND CYCLES IN NATURE. Chapter 2 and 3 review.
What is Ecology? Study of the relationship between organisms AND between organisms and their environment.
ECOLOGY The Study of Interactions between Organisms and their Environment.
ECOSYSTEMS. ECOSYSTEMS & ECOLOGY Ecology is the study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and their physical environment.
ECOLOGY.
Ecology. The Biosphere Earth that supports living things, includes air, land, and water Nonliving environment: Abiotic factors Air currents Temperature.
Principles of Ecology Chapter 2. Ecology The study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment.
ECOLOGY: The study of how organisms interact with the living and nonliving things that surround them.
Mrs. Geist Biology, Fall Swansboro High School.
Ecology An introduction…. Question Are organisms, including humans, “islands”. Why or why not? Support your answer.
Roles of Living Things  All organisms need energy to live.  In ecosystem, energy moves in ONE direction: Sun Organisms  Energy from sun enters ecosystem.
Ecology The scientific study of interactions among organisms and their environment The scientific study of interactions among organisms and their environment.
The Biosphere.
Chapter 3: The Biosphere What is ecology?. Ecology Ecology – the study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment Interdependence.
Biology Chapter 2 Principles of Ecology. 2.1 Organisms & Their Environment Ecology-the study of interactions that take place between organisms and their.
Organisms and Their Relationships
The Study of Interactions between Organisms (Living Things) and Their Environment.
Ecological Relationships. Biosphere  The biosphere is the portion of the earth in which living things and non-living things exist.  The ecosystem is.
What is Ecology? Study of the relationship between organisms AND between organisms and their environment.
Ecology Ecology is the study of organisms within their environment. Ecology is the study of organisms within their environment. Matter cycles Matter cycles.
Energy Flow in Ecosystems & The Biosphere. Important Vocabulary 1. Ecology: study of the relationships among organisms & between organisms & their physical.
Ecology Notes. Ecology Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
AP Biology Ecosystems AP Biology biosphere ecosystem community population Studying organisms in their environment organism.
How Ecosystems Change:
The Biosphere Chapter 3.
ECOLOGY VOCAB.
Ecology Ecology Chapters 3-5 Ecology.
ECOLOGY CH. 1 & 2.
Chapter 3: The Biosphere
Ecology.
Ecology Use the image above to make a list of all the things you can think of in a pond ecosystem.
ECOLOGY BIG PICTURE REVIEW
The flow of matter and energy through an ecosystem.
Chapter 54: Ecosystems.
The Study of Interactions between Organisms and their Environment
The Study of Interactions between Organisms and their Environment
Principles of Ecology See New Kent PPT for SOL questions and string food web activity.
Ecology Review Game Ecology test review.
Plant & Animal Interdependency
Ecosystems.
Ecology.
Catalyst Describe the rule of 10%..
Ecosystems.
Principles of Ecology.
ECOLOGY Part 1.
Chapter 3 Principles of Ecology.
Tropism Plants ability to grow towards sunlight (Tropism) is an example of: _____________________ Vines growing up larger trees in order to get access.
Ecosystems.
Ecosystems.
Principles of Ecology 7-1.
Unit 7 Ecology.
Ecology Biosphere.
UNIT 4 – INTRODUCTION TO ECOLOGY
Chapter 18: Ecology.
Ecology Review #1.
ECOLOGY VOCAB.
Energy Flow In Ecology.
BIOSPHERE Chapter 3 VOCAB ONLY
ECOLOGY Part 1.
Presentation transcript:

The Study of Interactions between Organisms and their Environment ECOLOGY The Study of Interactions between Organisms and their Environment

Ecology Vocabulary Population: a particular species in an area Community: a group of populations in an area Ecosystem: a community plus its non-living (abiotic) environment Biosphere: all regions of the planet inhabited by populations Habitat: The place a population lives Niche: the role of the population in the environment (what you eat, what you do)

ECOSYSTEM FACTORS BIOTIC: Living ABIOTIC:Non-living AUTOTROPHS (producers)ex. plants HETEROTROPHS (consumers)ex. Animals an omnivore ,a carnivore and a herbivore are all heterotrophs DECOMPOSERS ex. Bacteria, fungi ABIOTIC:Non-living temperature, sunlight, water, minerals

Trophic Levels

Trophic Levels Primary Producers: The autotrophs that capture energy to make food (Plants) Primary Consumers: heterotrophs that eat autotrophs (herbivores) Secondary Consumers: heterotrophs that eat other heterotrophs (carnivores) Higher Level Consumers: carnivores that eat other carnivores Decomposers: consumers of dead organic material ( Bacteria, Fungi)

ENERGY FLOW Food chains: a specific energy pathway Food webs: complex energy interactions in found in an ecosystem. Energy pyramids: representation of the total energy available to a trophic level.

FOREST FOOD WEB

Arctic Marine Food Web

Biomass Pyramid

Energy Pyramid

Kruger Park Battle

Growth of Populations Exponential Growth : the maximum possible growth rate of a population Carrying Capacity of the Environment: The maximum population that a particular environment can support Limiting Factors : those environmental factors that keep a population at the carrying capacity, like food, predators, amount of water, how much land there is

Population Growth over Time

Exponential growth can lead to massive die-off In 1944, 20 reindeer were brought to St. Matthew Island. Initially there were abundant food sources, and the reindeer population increased dramatically. There were no predators to cull the population. However, about 20 years later, the reindeer had overshot the food carrying  capacity of the island, and there was a sudden, massive die-off.  About 99% of the reindeer died of starvation. Exponential growth can lead to massive die-off

Carrying capacity of the Environment

Community Interaction competition

Predator-Prey Interactions Predators : Organisms that catch and consumed other organisms Prey : organisms that get consumed. Top Predator : the organism within a food chain or web that is not eaten by any other organism.

Predation

Predator – Prey Dynamics

Symbiosis When TWO or more species interact so closely that one or more of them is NECESSARY for the other’s survival. Examples: Coral and zooxanthellae algae Fig trees and fig wasps Tape worms and humans Fleas and hairy mammals

Mutualism Both organisms BENEFIT from the interaction Coral and Zooxanthellae Red billed oxpecker feeds on the ticks Off the Impalas coat (Africa) Clownfish and Sea Anemone

Crocodile and plover mutualistic relationship Crocodile and plover mutualistic relationship. Plover cleans crocodiles teeth.

Commensalism – one IS HELPED but the other is NOT harmed Ex. Birds nest in trees

Parasitism One organism BENEFITS The other is HARMED

Predator Prey Co-evolution Protection from Predation (for prey) Poison : the production of toxins Camouflage : protective coloration Mimicry: look alikes Adaptations to overcome protections (for predators) Intolerance to poisons : immunity Use of senses other than sight: hearing, smell

Co-Evolution Predator /prey interactions WARNING coloration says, “Don’t mess with me !!” POISON IVY – protected from herbivores

Camouflage coloration PROTECTIVE catipillar Stick insects found in Australia

Mimicry Similar colors Similar DEFENSES Wasp bee

Mimicry- Fooled Ya! King snake (not poisonous) Coral snake (VERY poisonous) Red next to yellow you’re a dead fellow

Ecological Succession The natural progression of SPECIES and their EFFECTS on the environment PIONEER Species – the first to invade a new environment (bare rock) MODIFICATIONS by the first group leads to the second, the second the third, etc. The CLIMAX species will end the succession.

Forest Succession

Lake Succession LAKE community Sedimentation due to EROSION SWAMP community forms Eventually a FOREST community may form

Nutrient Recycling Carbon and Oxygen: CO2, O2 (AIR) Water: H2O (SOLID, LIQUID, GAS) Nitrogen: N2 (AIR) Other Minerals : MAGNESIUM, CALCIUM, IRON, ZINC, COPPER, SILICA, ETC.

Carbon Cycle Atmospheric CARBON DIOXIDE Autotrophs CHANGE TO SUGAR C6H12O6 Heterotrophs CHANGE TO CO2 AND ORGANIC MATERIALS. Decomposers BREAK DOWN ORGANIC MATERIALS TO CO2 Burning of FOSSIL FUELS

Water Cycle Evaporation LIQUID TO WATER VAPOR Transpiration EVAPORATION THROUGH PLANTS Condensation and Precipitation RAIN, SNOW, SLEET, HAIL etc. Runoff and Groundwater INFILTRATION Liquid water on the surface LAKES, STREAMS, OCEANS etc.

Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen in the Atmosphere N2 GAS Nitrogen Fixers BACTERIA ON PLANT ROOTS Plants and Animals PROTEINS, UREA Decomposers PRODUCE AMMONIA Nitrifying Bacteria NH4 -> NO2, NO3 Denitrifying Bacteria NO3-> N2 GAS

Other Minerals Rocks and Soil CONTAIN MINERALS Erosion RELEASES MINERALS Water dissolves MINERALS Plants and Algae uptake MINERALS Animals consume PLANTS AND ALGAE Decomposers LEAVE MINERALS IN SOIL