FORM, SOUND + RHYTHM + other clues to understanding poetry

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Presentation transcript:

FORM, SOUND + RHYTHM + other clues to understanding poetry TYPES OF POETRY FORM, SOUND + RHYTHM + other clues to understanding poetry

FORM: Narrative Tells a story May take the form of a ballad Generally organized in stanzas –regular rhythm, regular rhyme Robert Frost "Birches"

Lyric Conveys strong emotions + impressions Not necessarily set to music "If" Rudyard Kipling

Blank verse Regular metrical pattern Does not have regular rhyme scheme Used frequently by Shakespeare Blank verse

Free-verse Very few restrictions No set rhyme, rhythm or line length

Sonnet 14 lines of iambic pentameter 2 main types- Petrarchan or Shakespearean

Petrarchan sonnets: Also known as Italian Consists of an octave (eight lines w/regular rhyme scheme), followed by a sestet (six lines w/regular rhyme scheme) Mood is set in the octave, then changed in the sestet abba, abba, cde,cde Sonnet forms

Shakespearean Sonnet Three quatrains ( 4 line stanzas with regular rhyme scheme), followed by rhyming couplet Mood developed in quatrains, and changed in couplet Abab, cdcd, efef, gg Sonnet examples

Dramatic Monologue Narrator reveals info about him/herself through his/her own speech Usually written in blank verese Dramatic monlogue

Elegy A formal poem lamenting the death of an individual or group of people “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”

Epic A narrative poem that relates the mighty deeds or adventures of heroes in a lofty, majestic style Epic

Haiku Three unrhymed lines Five syllables in the first line, seven syllables in the second and five in the third The final line resonates with more than one level of meaning Often about nature and passing of time Haikus

Concrete Arranged in a shape that enhances or reflects the topic

Concrete Arranged in a shape that enhances or reflects the topic

SOUND Devices used to manipulate the meaning of the words through sound: Alliteration, Assonance Cacophony Consonance Dialect Enjambment Euphony Repetition and refrain Rhyme Definitions

RHYTHM The beat of the words and the lines – even prose lines have rhythm METER: comes form the combination of stressed and unstressed syllables (Da-vid) FOOT: the variety of recognizable rhythm patterns created by the particular combination of stressed and unstressed syllables

OTHER CLUES: METRICAL VARIATION Short lines –usually cause a person to read SLLLLOOOOOOWWWWWLLLLYY Therefore, you dwell on the idea, word, etc Long lines- read the line more quickly to make it fit in the pattern of the rhythm –used to give a feeling of lightness, speed, vigorous activity or urgency Changing a foot pattern is used for emphasis Two or more stressed syllables in a line emphasize the thought of each word and its relation to others Great irregularity in any one line usually indicates strong emotions

OTHER CLUES: LINE DIVISION: Reasons for dividing lines or combining can vary To contain a complete thought To set off a strong image To emphasize a word or phrase To complete a thought started in a previous line To create irony or reverse an expectation