Section 1: The Debate Over Slavery Section 2: Trouble in Kansas CHAPTER 18 A Divided Nation Section 1: The Debate Over Slavery Section 2: Trouble in Kansas Section 3: Political Divisions Section 4: Secession

SECTION 1 The Debate Over Slavery Question: How did the outcome of the Mexican War affect the debate over the expansion of slavery?

The Debate Over Slavery SECTION 1 The Debate Over Slavery Opposed to Slavery Representative David Wilmot, Wilmot Proviso, Free-Soil Party, Martin Van Buren Make Compromises about Slavery President James K. Polk, Senator Lewis Cass, popular sovereignty to decide whether to allow slavery Supportive of Slavery the House, in which the South had more power, failed to pass the Wilmot Proviso

SECTION 2 Trouble in Kansas Question: What were some of the conflicts between people who were for and were against slavery?

Pro-slavery settlers and free-soilers arm themselves. SECTION 2 Trouble in Kansas Pro-slavery settlers and free-soilers arm themselves. A pro-slavery posse sets fire to some buildings and destroys the printing presses in Lawrence, Kansas. Abolitionist John Brown leads the Pottawatomie Massacre, killing five pro-slavery men. After Massachusetts representative Charles Sumner criticizes pro-slavery Kansans, Preston Brooks, a representative from South Carolina, canes him.

SECTION 3 Political Divisions Question: What changes occurred in U.S. political parties as a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Political Divisions SECTION 3 Kansas-Nebraska Act Republican Party Democratic Party Whig Party Know-Nothing Party Some members of the Whig, Democrat, and Free-Soil parties formed the new Republican Party, which opposed the spread of slavery. Only 7 of the 60 northern Democrats who had sup-ported the bill were re-elected to the House. The Whig Party fell apart because northern Whigs voted against the bill, while southern Whigs voted for it. Some Whigs and Democrats joined the Know-Nothing Party.

SECTION 4 Secession Question: What events and attitudes were important factors in Lincoln’s election to the presidency?

Secession SECTION 4 Factors in Support of Lincoln in 1860 Factors against Support of Lincoln in 1860 Democratic Party split in two. Constitutional Union Party formed and elected a presidential candidate. Breckinridge and Bell split the electoral votes of the slave states. Seward was the leading Republican candidate. Lincoln did not win the nomination until the third ballot.

Chapter Wrap-Up CHAPTER 18 1. Why did the Mexican Cession renew tensions about slavery between northern and southern states? 2. How did the Dred Scott decision affect African Americans, and what was the response to the decision? 3. What legal argument did South Carolina’s officials use to justify secession?