Class Bell Ringer Read former Vice President John C. Calhoun's defense of slavery. What do you think he meant by slavery as an institution, the ultimate denial of freedom, being a contribution to American freedom? What was his outlook on an eventual resolution that might conflict with his? [1838] “They (Slave owner & slave) were there inseparably united, beyond the possibility of separation. Experience had shown that the existing relation between them secured the peace and happiness of both. Each had improved; the inferior greatly; so much so, that it had attained a degree of civilization never before attained by the black race in any age or country. Under no other relation could they co-exist together. To destroy it was to involve a whole region in slaughter, carnage, and desolation; and, come what will, we must defend and preserve it.

I will not be here on Wednesday & Thursday Aug. 24 & 25th Announcement: I will not be here on Wednesday & Thursday Aug. 24 & 25th There will be an assignment in class that will require your textbook due at the end of class and handed in to the substitute.

Previous Lesson: Compromises Worksheet Take your Compromises worksheet home and complete them as homework with your Cornell Notes. Be sure to summarize your Cornell Notes on the Compromises for a notebook grade.

Missouri Compromise Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act Southern Perspective Did not like the Compromise. The South realized that this compromise threatened the balance between free and slave states and caused a lot of potential issues. Read pages 58-59 Read pages 60-61 Northern Perspective Read pages 51-52 in textbook

By: Mr. Aiken FCHS Jacksonville, FL The Antebellum South 1820 - 1861 By: Mr. Aiken FCHS Jacksonville, FL

“Antebellum” “The period occurring in the southern U.S. during the time before the American Civil War.” ~ Merriam-Webster

“Antebellum” In this 1859 painting is this a negative or positive view of slavery? Eastman Johnson’s 1859 painting "Negro Life at the South" subtly portrays relationships of white male masters and their female slaves.

Early Emancipation in the North 1. What was the last two northern state that emancipated slaves?

Missouri Compromise, 1820 2. Study the map above and briefly explain how the states of Maine and Missouri were the focus of the compromise.

Antebellum Southern Society

Characteristics of the Antebellum South Primarily agrarian. Economic power shifted from the “upper South” to the “lower South.” “Cotton Is King!” * 1860 5 mil. bales a yr. (57% of total US exports). Very slow development of industrialization. Rudimentary financial system. Inadequate transportation system. 3. Based on the characteristics above for the Antebellum South give three examples of how the northern states were different.

Southern Society (1850) “Slavocracy” [plantation owners] 6,000,000 The “Plain Folk” [white yeoman farmers] Black Freemen 250,000 Black Slaves 3,200,000 Total US Population  23,000,000 [9,250,000 in the South = 40%]

Southern Population 1850 4. Study the map above and name the two slave states that are different from the other 13 and explain why?

Antebellum Southern Economy

Changes in Cotton Production 1820 1860

Southern Agriculture 1850

Value of Cotton Exports As % of All US Exports 5. Was the reliance of the Southern states on the export of cotton as the main component of their economy an advantage or disadvantage? [Three sentence response]

Slaves Using the Cotton Gin

“Hauling the Whole Week’s Pickings” William Henry Brown, 1842

Slaves Working in a Sugar-Boiling House, 1823

The South's "Peculiar Institution"

Slave Auction Notice, 1823

Distribution of Slave Labor in 1850

Antebellum Plantation Life Reality vs. Mythology

Slave-Owning Population (1850)

The mythology of southern plantation life and their ‘Peculiar Institution ’ in popular culture pre-1960’s

Tara – A Hollywood mythology of the nobility of plantation life

The Southern “Belle”

Scarlet and Mammie through the eyes of Hollywood

A Real Mammie & Her Charge

A real Southern Belle circa 1850’s

Slaves posing in front of their cabin on a Southern plantation.

A Slave Family

US Laws Regarding Slavery U. S. Constitution: * 3/5s compromise [I.2] * fugitive slave clause [IV.2] 1793  Fugitive Slave Act. 1850  stronger Fugitive Slave Act.

Slavery Was Less Efficient in the U. S. than Elsewhere High cost of keeping slaves from escaping. GOAL  raise the “exit cost.” Slave patrols. Southern Black Codes. Cut off a toe or a foot.

Introduction and class activity: The Dred Scott Decision (1857)

Lesson Materials & Directions for Activity Materials & RAFT Prompt: Primary Source Document: Text of The United States Supreme Court’s Majority Opinon in Dred Scott vs. Sanford [1857] Primary Source Document Worksheet RAFT Prompt: “Write a letter from a slave owner to another slave owner reacting to the court decision or a letter from a freedman in the north to a relative that is a slave in the south reacting to the court decision.