Opener: Cell Images How are they different?
Cell Structure and Function
Cells Smallest living unit Most are microscopic
Cell Theory Reviewed All living things are made of cells Smallest living unit is the cell All cells arise from preexisting cells (this principle discarded the idea of spontaneous generation)
Cell Types Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic Cells First cell type on earth Cell type of Bacteria and Archaea
Prokaryotic Cells No membrane bound nucleus Nucleoid = region of DNA concentration Organelles not bound by membranes
Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus bound by membrane Include fungi, protists, plant, and animal cells Possess many organelles Protozoan
Representative Animal Cell
Representative Plant Cell
Cell Wall Supports & shapes plant cells. Found in plants, fungi, & many protists Surrounds cell membrane City Wall
Cell Membrane Boundary that protects cells. Controls what goes in and out of cell. Found in ALL cells. City Border
Nucleus City Hall Controls cell activities; “brain”; contains DNA. Double membrane Contains Chromosomes Nucleolus City Hall
DNA Hereditary material Chromosomes Chromatin DNA Protiens Form for cell division Chromatin
Nucleolus Most cells have 2 or more Directs synthesis of RNA Forms ribosomes
Cytoplasm Jelly-like fluid that supports organelles (cell parts). components of cytoplasm Interconnected filaments & fibers Fluid = cytosol Ground
Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Body) Processes & packages materials into vesicles (small packets). Post Office
Endoplasmic Reticulum Transports molecules (materials) around the cell. Network of interconnected membranes Two types Rough endoplasmic reticulum Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Highways
Golgi Apparatus Function 1. Molecules come in vesicles 2. Vesicles fuse with Golgi membrane 3. Molecules may be modified by Golgi 4. Molecules pinched-off in separate vesicle 5. Vesicle leaves Golgi apparatus 6. Vesicles may combine with cell membrane to secrete contents
Ribosomes Makes protein for the cell. “ribs” Butcher Shop Small bumps on Rough ER Butcher Shop
Mitochondria Break down sugar (food) molecules to release energy. Energy ATP molecule Power Plant
Vacuoles Sac that stores water, food, waste Warehouse More common in plants than animals Warehouse
Lysosomes Break down large food, old cell parts, invaders. “Lysol” Contain digestive enzymes. Found in animal cells Recycling Center
Chloroplasts Uses sun’s energy to make food for plant. Photosynthesis. Found in plants Solar Panels
Vesicles Small sacs or packets that move material in and out of cell. Very small. Vehicle / Trucks
End Chapter 5