Cell Structure and Function 7.3

Representative Animal Cell

Representative Plant Cell

Assignment: color and label plant cell and Animal cell – use page 192

Organelles Cellular machinery- works like a factory

Cell Walls Found in plants, fungi, & many protists Surrounds plasma membrane

Cell Wall Differences Plants – mostly cellulose Fungi – contain chitin

Cytoplasm Viscous fluid containing organelles components of cytoplasm Interconnected filaments & fibers Fluid = cytosol Organelles (not nucleus) storage substances

Cytoskeleton Filaments & fibers Made of 3 fiber types 3 functions: Microfilaments Microtubules Intermediate filaments 3 functions: mechanical support anchor organelles help move substances

A = actin, IF = intermediate filament, MT = microtubule

Cilia & Flagella Provide motility Cilia Flagella Short Used to move substances outside human cells Flagella Whip-like extensions Found on sperm cells

Cilia & Flagella Structure Bundles of microtubules With plasma membrane

Centrioles Pairs of microtubular structures Play a role in cell division

Nucleus Control center of cell Double membrane Contains Chromosomes Nucleolus

Nuclear Envelope Separates nucleus from rest of cell Has pores

DNA Hereditary material Chromosomes DNA Proteins Form for cell division Chromatin

Nucleolus Most cells have 2 or more Directs synthesis of RNA Forms ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum Helps move substances within cells Network of folded sacs and interconnected membranes Where protein and lipids (fats) are synthesized Two types Rough endoplasmic reticulum Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes attached to surface Manufacture proteins Not all ribosomes attached to rough ER May modify proteins from ribosomes

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum No attached ribosomes Has enzymes that help build molecules Carbohydrates Lipids

Golgi Apparatus Involved in synthesis of plant cell wall Packaging & shipping station of cell

Golgi Apparatus Function 1. Molecules come in vesicles 2. Vesicles fuse with Golgi membrane 3. Molecules may be modified by Golgi 4. Molecules pinched-off in separate vesicle 5. Vesicle leaves Golgi apparatus 6. Vesicles may combine with plasma membrane to secrete contents

Lysosomes Contain digestive enzymes Functions Aid in cell renewal Break down old cell parts Digests invaders

Vacuoles Membrane bound storage sacs More common in plants than animals Contents Water Food wastes

Bacteria-Like Organelles Release & store energy Types Mitochondria (release energy) Chloroplasts (store energy)

Mitochondria Have their own DNA Bound by double membrane

Mitochondria Break down fuel molecules (cellular respiration) Glucose Fatty acids Release energy ATP

Chloroplasts Derived form photosynthetic bacteria Solar energy capturing organelle

Photosynthesis Takes place in the chloroplast Makes cellular food – glucose

Review of Eukaryotic Cells

Review of Eukaryotic Cells

Let’s Review: 1. What is the role of the nucleus? Contains DNA and controls the manufacturing of protein 2. What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? The ribosomes produce protein for export to other cells. 3. How do plants benefit from cell walls? Helps them have shape and structure 4. How are cell walls different from the classroom walls? Cell walls are permeable; the classroom walls are not