How do problems vary between urban and rural areas?

Managing Rural Change A – Evaluate the successfulness of rural management strategies B – Compare the effectiveness of rural and urban management C – Explain how rural areas can be managed

What are the challenges? Economy Services Affordable housing What are the challenges? Evaluate the six challenges. Which do you think presents the greatest difficulty? Infrastructure Protection of heritage Conservation of the environment

What can you remember about?

Managing change in rural communities In 2012 the national government established 14 Rural and Farming Networks in England (e.g. Farming Foods and Rural Network East) to identify and give opinions on local issues and concerns. The networks brought together people from rural communities, rural businesses, and food and farming industries. What type of approach is this? Bottom- up approach

Management and investment in rural areas Cornwall & Breckland Using the information provided find out about the two examples of rural management. 1 – What has been done? 2 - Who has been involved? 3 - Why has it been done 4 – Has it worked?

Plenary: What is successful management? Pick 5 from list, rank them 1 to 5 and justify your top choice Considers everyone's view Focuses on a solution but does affect the environment Is expensive Is cheap Is sustainable but less effective as a result Is government led Makes services more available Has a limited short term, but a big long term impact Solves issues in the short term

A final word... It is difficult to measure the success of strategies to solve cultural and demographic issues in UK urban or rural places. Different groups of people (stakeholders) will have different priorities and so weighing of these indicators will vary, even in the same place. As shown by the case studies, rural and urban places are diverse, and although there may be some similar concerns (e.g. crime rates in urban areas, few young adults in rural areas), each stakeholder group desires different improvements.

Assessing the strategies… The difficulties

Population growth Level of private investment Increase in job opportunities Declining crim levels Increase in higher- paid jobs More cultural events Increase in educational attainment Better Happiness Indices Lower deprivation (IMD) Better quality of Life indices Increased retail sales Better appearance of built environment Increase in number of services More public investment Increase in property values Increased community involvement Increase in affordable housing supply Improved connectivity (transport and internet) Declining pollution levels

EQ1 – Population Structures EQ2 - Perspectives EQ3 – Problems EQ4 - Management UK population patterns – Tower Hamlets v East Devon North East England Views on industrialisation - Britain in the 1800’s vs China vs Nigeria. Impact of internal migration in the UK – Counter-urbanisation How to manage change (7 stages) and Measuring Social Progress The rural-urban continuum and how it affects population density – Kenya. How can statistics affect views on urban areas – Crime stats and London choropleth Impacts of international migration – Post-colonial Stakeholders in Management - Slough Migration, Mortality and Fertility rates effect on an area – Newham How can the media affect peoples opinion of urban areas. Social Exclusion (Bristol SEM/Cultural Fractionization) – Russian/Jewish/Post-colony migrants Urban areas management – Oxford Population characteristics of different areas – ICT research Are rural areas desirable to live in – Positives and negatives of Cornwall Glasgow as an example of social exclusion and the built environment. Rural areas management – Breckland/Cornwall The effect of globalisation on Diverse Places – New York & London Different peoples views on areas affect their desirability – using house price, crime rates and ASB incidents to rate areas The evolutions of the Docklands Managing Hate Crime Examples of demographic and cultural changes to an area – Australia & East London Investigating peoples view on the local area. How tensions can change over time – Southall