Chapter 3 The Colonies Come of Age
Chapter 3.1 England and Its Colonies
Objectives Explain the economic relationship between England and its American colonies. Describe how tensions arose between England and the colonies. Summarize how salutary neglect of the colonies after 1688 planted the seeds of self-government.
Mercantilism The competition between nations for wealth and trade. Navigation Acts Laws Parliament made restricting colonial trade. Forced the colonies to trade only with England. http://www.hulu.com/watch/65900/the-taxman-cometh-the-navigation-act
The Navigation Acts No country could trade with the colonies unless the goods were shipped in either colonial or English ships. All vessels had to be operated by crews that were at least three-quarters English or colonial. The colonies could export certain products only to England. Almost all goods traded between the colonies and Europe first had to pass through an English port.
Tensions Emerge Merchants resented the restrictions and traded illegally. Massachusetts’ charter was revoked in 1684. King James II made all the Northern colonies one, the Dominion of New England and appointed Sir Edmond Andros as the ruler.
The Glorious Revolution In 1688 Parliament invited William of Orange to England to rule. Parliament then passed laws establishing power over the monarch. Massachusetts’ charter was restored in 1691.
King Charles II (1660-1685) Angered by Mass. Refusal to obey English law, he revoked the colony’s charter in 1684 and brought Mass. Under royal control. James II (1685-1688) He consolidated the Northern colonies into the Dominion of New England in 1686 and enlisted Sir Edmund Andros to rule the region. William and Mary (1689-1702) Succeeded James II after the Glorious Revolution and helped establish the supremacy of Parliament. Parliament then restored the colonies’ charters.
Salutary Neglect England relaxes its enforcement of the Navigation Acts in return for continued economic loyalty. Governors appointed by the king ruled each colony. The colonists paid their salaries and had great influence. Colonials began to enjoy self rule.
Keeping the colonies under economic and political control Problem 1. In 1651: Navigation Acts 3. After 1688: Salutary Neglect 2. In 1686: Northern colonies consolidated into the Dominion of New England. Solution
Chapter 3.2 The Agricultural South
Objectives Trace the development of a plantation economy in the American South. Explain the way of life in the Southern colonies. Describe the slave trade and the role of slavery in the plantation economy. Describe life for colonial slaves..
The main cash crop of the South was tobacco. Other crops were rice, and indigo. Plantations developed instead of towns because of the long, deep rivers that allowed access to ocean-going vessels.
Life in the South There was a diverse population. A strong economy due to the tobacco crop. Women were 2nd class citizens along with indentured servants. Women of the “planter class” had servants.
Slavery Slaves were considered property of others. At first, the colonists used Native Americans as slaves. By 1690 there were 13,000 and by 1750 there were 200,000. Africans became part of a triangular trade network.
Triangular Trade
Middle Passage Voyages that brought Africans to the West Indies and North America. Considered the middle leg of the trade triangle. Most slaves worked in the fields. In 1739, 20 slaves revolted in the Stono Rebellion. Many died, others were executed.
Slave Passage http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/30011-assignment-discovery-the-middle-passage-video.htm
Chapter 3.3 The Commercial North
Objectives Trace the development of a varied and thriving economy in the North. Explain the diverse society of the North and the tensions that led to witchcraft trials in Salem. Summarize the influence of the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening.
Life in the North Main commerce was manufacturing, fishing, and ship building. Big cities were sprouting up. Immigrants came from all over Europe. Slavery did exist, but not near the level of the South.
Salem Witch Trials http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XGj4Nxb1e84 http://www.salemwitchmuseum.com/education/faq.shtml http://www.salemwitchmuseum.com/education/worldbook/index.shtml http://www.funtrivia.com/newflash/trivia.cfm?qid=70048
Salem Witch Trials Is this something that could happen in the U.S. today? Why/why not?
Enlightenment New ideas based on science and reason. Benjamin Franklin embraced the notion of obtaining truth through experimentation and reasoning. Enlightenment ideas led many colonists to question the authority of the British Monarchy.
The Great Awakening A spiritual revival that led many to leave their Puritan, Anglican church for Baptist and Methodist. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zt57rFcpnr4 Jonathan Edwards
Great Awakening Is this the kind of preaching that we are used to today? Why do you think it was so successful at the time?
Chapter 3.4 The French and Indian War
French & Indian War Fought between 1754 and 1763, Britain vs. France War over North America Effects Britain Wins Proclamation of 1763 Taxes
Proclamation of 1763 Banned expansion west of the Appalachian Mtns. British did not want further conflicts with Indians.
Taxes Due to the overwhelming cost of the F&I War the British began to tax the Colonies